Naeem Mohammad, Khan Muhammad Zia-ul-Islam, Abbas Syed Hussain, Adil Muhammad, Khan Ayasha, Naz Syeda Maria, Khan Muhammad Usman
Department of Community Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan.
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2010 Jul-Sep;22(3):136-40.
Pakistan has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, with widely prevalent maternal and neonatal tetanus. The purpose of this study was to estimate the coverage and determine the factors associated with tetanus toxoid vaccination status among females of reproductive age in Peshawar.
A Cross-sectional study was conducted in Peshawar, Pakistan, from 9 June to 19 June 2010. A total of 304 females of reproductive age (17 45) years were selected from both urban and rural areas of Peshawar through random sampling. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to females. Questions about demographics, income, education of husband, occupation, accessibility to health centres and frequency of visits from health workers was inquired. Knowledge and views on immunization were also asked.
Overall 55.6% were vaccinated. Urban population was 54.3% while rural population was 45.7%. Reasons for not vaccinating were: No awareness (38.4%), being busy (18.1%), centre too far (18.1%), misconceptions (10.86%), and fear of reactions (4.3%). Most of the females thought immunization was effective (89.5%). Husband education, females' knowledge and views on immunization, income, distance, frequency of health visits were the main factors associated with immunization status.
Majority of females are not vaccinated. Effective media campaigns on maternal tetanus vaccination should be carried. Lady health workers should be mobilised effectively to increase the vaccination coverage.
巴基斯坦是全球孕产妇死亡率最高的国家之一，产妇和新生儿破伤风广泛流行。本研究旨在评估白沙瓦育龄女性破伤风类毒素疫苗接种覆盖率，并确定与接种状况相关的因素。
2010年6月9日至19日在巴基斯坦白沙瓦开展了一项横断面研究。通过随机抽样从白沙瓦城乡地区共选取了304名育龄女性（17 - 45岁）。对这些女性发放了经过预测试的结构化问卷。询问了有关人口统计学、收入、丈夫的教育程度、职业、前往卫生中心的便利性以及卫生工作者来访频率等问题。还询问了她们对免疫接种的知识和看法。
总体接种率为55.6%。城市人口接种率为54.3%，农村人口接种率为45.7%。未接种的原因包括：缺乏意识（38.4%）、忙碌（18.1%）、中心距离太远（18.1%）、误解（10.86%）以及害怕不良反应（4.3%）。大多数女性认为免疫接种是有效的（89.5%）。丈夫的教育程度、女性对免疫接种的知识和看法、收入、距离、卫生工作者来访频率是与免疫接种状况相关的主要因素。
大多数女性未接种疫苗。应开展关于产妇破伤风疫苗接种的有效媒体宣传活动。应有效动员女性卫生工作者以提高疫苗接种覆盖率。
