Banerjee P Pat, Edward Deepak P, Liang Shun, Bouchard Charles S, Bryar Paul J, Ahuja Richard, Dray Phillip, Bailey Daniel P
Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;173:35-41.
A prototype version of the ImmersiveTouch® virtual reality simulator was applied to capsulorhexis, the creation of circular tear or "rhexis" in the lens capsule of the eye during cataract surgery. Virtual and live surgery scores by residents were compared. The same three metrics are used in each mode: circularity of the rhexis, duration of surgery (sec), and number of forceps grabs of the capsule per completed rhexis (fewer is better). The average simulator circularity score correlated closely with the average live score (P = 0.0002; N = 4), establishing "concurrent validity" for this metric. Individuals performed similarly to each other in both modes, as shown by the low standard deviations for average circularity (virtual 0.92 ± 0.04; live 0.88 ± 0.04). By contrast, the standard deviations are high for the other two metrics, capsulorhexis duration (virtual 96.91 ± 44.23 sec; live 94.42 ± 65.74 sec, N = 8) and number of forceps grabs (virtual 10.66 ± 4.81; live 10.31 ± 5.23, N = 8). Nevertheless, the simulator was able to demonstrate that the surgeons with wide variations in total duration and number of capsular grabs in 2 to 4 trials of simulated surgery also had similar variations in live surgery, so that the simulator retains some realism or "face validity."
沉浸式触摸（ImmersiveTouch®）虚拟现实模拟器的一个原型版本被应用于白内障手术中晶状体囊膜撕囊术，即在眼睛的晶状体囊膜上制造圆形撕裂或“撕囊”。比较了住院医生在虚拟手术和实际手术中的得分。在每种模式下都使用相同的三个指标：撕囊的圆形度、手术持续时间（秒）以及每次完成撕囊时镊子抓取囊膜的次数（越少越好）。模拟器的平均圆形度得分与实际手术的平均得分密切相关（P = 0.0002；N = 4），确立了该指标的“同时效度”。如平均圆形度的低标准差所示（虚拟手术为0.92±0.04；实际手术为0.88±0.04），个体在两种模式下的表现相似。相比之下，另外两个指标的标准差较高，即撕囊持续时间（虚拟手术为96.91±44.23秒；实际手术为94.42±65.74秒，N = 8）和镊子抓取次数（虚拟手术为10.66±4.81；实际手术为10.31±5.23，N = 8）。然而，模拟器能够证明，在2至4次模拟手术中，总持续时间和囊膜抓取次数差异很大的外科医生在实际手术中也有类似的差异，因此该模拟器保留了一定的真实感或“表面效度”。
