Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., 3-6-6 Asahi-machi, 194, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
Cytotechnology. 1988 Feb;1(2):151-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00146816.
Glutamine has been shown to be a preferred energy source for some established cell lines and cancer cells in culture (Kovacevic, 1971; Kovacevic, 1972; Lavietes, 1974). Empirically, glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in most of the culture media developed. The major end product of glutamine metabolism is ammonia. Ammonia build up is one of the limiting factors in the proliferation of mammalian cells in higher density culture and is directly related to the initial glutamine concentration. The susceptibility of glutamine to thermodecomposition prevents the heat sterilization of glutamine-enriched media and this significantly increases the cost of medium preparation at the industrial scale. In an attempt to overcome these drawbacks, a population of Namalva cells capable of growing in glutamine-free media was established. The adapted cells were found to contain a higher level of glutamine synthetase activity which enable them to synthesize sufficient amounts of glutamine for their growth.
谷氨酰胺已被证明是一些已建立的细胞系和培养中的癌细胞的首选能量来源（Kovacevic，1971；Kovacevic，1972；Lavietes，1974）。从经验上看，谷氨酰胺是大多数开发的培养基中最丰富的氨基酸。谷氨酰胺代谢的主要终产物是氨。氨的积累是高密度培养中哺乳动物细胞增殖的限制因素之一，并且与初始谷氨酰胺浓度直接相关。谷氨酰胺对热分解的敏感性阻止了富含谷氨酰胺的培养基的热灭菌，这大大增加了工业规模下培养基制备的成本。为了克服这些缺点，建立了能够在无谷氨酰胺培养基中生长的 Namalva 细胞群体。发现适应的细胞含有更高水平的谷氨酰胺合成酶活性，使它们能够合成足够数量的谷氨酰胺用于生长。
