Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2012 Mar 14;13(4):213-24. doi: 10.1038/nrm3312.
Nuclear receptors are integrators of hormonal and nutritional signals, mediating changes to metabolic pathways within the body. Given that modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism has been linked to diseases including type 2 diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis, a greater understanding of pathways that regulate metabolism in physiology and disease is crucial. The liver X receptors (LXRs) and the farnesoid X receptors (FXRs) are activated by oxysterols and bile acids, respectively. Mounting evidence indicates that these nuclear receptors have essential roles, not only in the regulation of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism but also in the integration of sterol, fatty acid and glucose metabolism.
核受体是激素和营养信号的整合者,介导体内代谢途径的变化。鉴于脂质和葡萄糖代谢的调节与包括 2 型糖尿病、肥胖症和动脉粥样硬化在内的疾病有关,因此,更深入地了解调节生理和疾病中代谢的途径至关重要。肝 X 受体 (LXRs) 和法尼醇 X 受体 (FXRs) 分别被氧化固醇和胆酸激活。越来越多的证据表明,这些核受体不仅在胆固醇和胆汁酸代谢的调节中具有重要作用,而且在固醇、脂肪酸和葡萄糖代谢的整合中也具有重要作用。