Tonini Stefano, Lanfranco Andrea, Costa Maria Cristina, Lumelli Diego, Giorgi Ines, Mazzacane Fulvio, Scafa Fabrizio, Candura Stefano M
Scuola di Specializzazione in Medicina del Lavoro, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Italy.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2011 Oct-Dec;33(4):409-13.
The attention of international agencies and scientific community on mobbing (bullying) and work-related stress is increasing. However, research on gender differences and etiologic agents is still limited. This study describes the gender differences found in victims of mobbing and work-related stress in an Italian case series. Between 2001 and 2009, at the Occupational Medicine Unit of our Institution we examined 345 outpatients (197 women and 148 men) for suspected psychopathological work-related problems. After interdisciplinary diagnostic evaluation, the diagnosis of "mobbing syndrome" was formulated, according to international criteria (ICD-I0 and DSM-IV), in a minority of cases: 35 subjects. In the other workers, we found pre-existing psychiatric conditions (not related to work), or altered relationships dynamics with the colleagues. Significant gender differences emerged among people with "mobbing syndrome": there was a high prevalence of women (65%), with medium to high level of education; the most affected age group was between 34 and 45 years; several occupations were involved, with a clear preponderance of office workers. Women are mostly harassed for personal aspects related to emotional and relational factors; men for the content of their work. The knowledge of the phenomenon is an essential prerogative to contrast mobbing; this can be realized, at a preventive level, only through effective information and training for workers and employers, who have the legal obligation to preserve the integrity of the mental and physical status of their employees during the work.
国际机构和科学界对职场暴力（欺凌）及工作相关压力的关注度日益提高。然而，关于性别差异和病因的研究仍然有限。本研究描述了在一组意大利病例中职场暴力和工作相关压力受害者的性别差异。2001年至2009年期间，在我们机构的职业医学科，我们对345名门诊患者（197名女性和148名男性）进行了检查，这些患者疑似患有与工作相关的精神病理学问题。经过多学科诊断评估，根据国际标准（ICD-I0和DSM-IV），在少数病例（35名受试者）中确诊为“职场暴力综合征”。在其他工人中，我们发现了先前存在的精神疾病（与工作无关），或与同事关系动态的改变。“职场暴力综合征”患者中出现了显著的性别差异：女性患病率较高（65%），教育程度中等至高；受影响最严重的年龄组在34岁至45岁之间；涉及多个职业，其中办公室职员明显占多数。女性大多因与情感和人际关系因素相关的个人方面受到骚扰；男性则因工作内容受到骚扰。了解这一现象是对抗职场暴力的一项基本特权；这只有通过对工人和雇主进行有效的信息和培训才能在预防层面实现，而工人和雇主有法律义务在工作期间保护员工的身心健康。
