Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2012 Jun;25(3):385-8. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e3283532b29.
Hemorrhage is the second most important cause of death in patients with trauma, contributing to approximately 30% of trauma-related mortality. Pharmacological prohemostatic agents may be useful adjunctive treatment options in patients with severe blood loss.
Tranexamic acid was evaluated in a large international randomized controlled study in patients with trauma and severe blood loss. The drug was shown to reduce death due to bleeding, provided the treatment was given within 3 h after injury. Tranexamic acid treatment did not result in serious adverse events nor thrombotic complications.
In view of this efficacy and safety of this relatively cheap and simple drug, it may be recommended to put tranexamic acid in the first (maybe even prehospital) line of management of patients with severe traumatic hemorrhage.
出血是创伤患者死亡的第二大主要原因，约占创伤相关死亡的 30%。对于严重失血的患者，药物止血剂可能是有用的辅助治疗选择。
在一项大型国际随机对照研究中，评估了氨甲环酸在创伤和严重失血患者中的作用。结果表明，该药物可降低因出血导致的死亡，前提是在损伤后 3 小时内给予治疗。氨甲环酸治疗未导致严重不良事件或血栓并发症。
鉴于这种药物相对便宜且使用简单，疗效和安全性良好，因此，对于严重创伤性出血的患者，氨甲环酸可被推荐用于一线（甚至是院前）治疗。
