Taborelli Anna, Gibelli Daniele, Rizzi Agostino, Andreola Salvatore, Brandone Alberto, Cattaneo Cristina
LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale, DMU-Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
J Forensic Sci. 2012 Sep;57(5):1281-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02119.x. Epub 2012 Apr 3.
Very little literature exists concerning radiochemical and microscopic analyses of gunshot wounds in decomposed material, and even less concerning skeletonized samples; the most advanced technologies may provide useful indications for the diagnosis of suspect lesions, especially if gunshot wounds are no longer recognizable. However, we know very little of the survival of gunshot residues (GSR) in skeletonized samples. This study examined nine gunshot wounds produced on pig heads which then underwent skeletonization for 4 years, and four gunshot entries on human heads from judicial cases which were then macerated to the bone in water; the samples underwent scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis. Positive results for GSR were observed only in four of the nine animal samples and in all four human samples. Among the human samples, two lesions showed Pb and Sb, one lesion only Pb, and one Pb, Sb, and Ba. This pilot study showed the survival of GSR in skeletal material and therefore the crucial importance of SEM-EDX analyses on skeletonized material. Further studies are needed in order to ascertain the role of environmental modifications of GSR.
关于对已分解物质中枪伤进行放射化学和微观分析的文献非常少，而关于骨骼化样本的文献更是少之又少；最先进的技术可能为可疑损伤的诊断提供有用线索，尤其是在枪伤已无法辨认的情况下。然而，我们对骨骼化样本中枪击残留物（GSR）的留存情况知之甚少。本研究检查了在猪头制造的9处枪伤，这些猪头随后经历了4年的骨骼化过程，以及4例司法案件中人类头部的枪伤入口，这些头部随后在水中浸软至骨骼；样本进行了扫描电子显微镜与能量色散X射线（SEM - EDX）分析。仅在9个动物样本中的4个以及所有4个人类样本中观察到GSR呈阳性结果。在人类样本中，2处损伤显示含有铅和锑，1处损伤仅含铅，1处含铅、锑和钡。这项初步研究显示了GSR在骨骼物质中的留存情况，因此SEM - EDX分析对骨骼化物质的至关重要性。需要进一步研究以确定GSR环境变化的作用。
