Mehrzad Raman, Spodick David H
Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, USA.
Cardiology. 2012;121(3):177-83. doi: 10.1159/000337074. Epub 2012 Mar 31.
Active contiguous abnormalities can frequently involve the pericardium. Prominent among these are cardiac conditions which encroach on the pericardium, particularly transmural myocardial infarction (newly always with Q-waves). Complications of infarctions, notably myocardial pseudoaneurysm, have one wall which is pericardium. Furthermore, dissecting aneurysm of the aorta and the intramural aortic hemorrhage may rupture into the pericardium with tamponade, or, if limited, mimic acute pericarditis. Diseases of the lungs and pleura, including the diaphragmatic pleura, also result in pulmonary embolism which can produce several syndromes. Mediastinal diseases, notably inflammation and malignancy, especially involving the lymph nodes, induce mediastinal inflammation and fibrosis. Many esophageal disorders can penetrate or produce a fistula usually with pneumopericardium. Rarely, primarily pericardial disorders like purulent pericarditis, malignancies, and rough pericardial calcifications affect the contiguous tissues. We discuss the many syndromes and disorders under each of these topics.
活动性连续性异常常累及心包。其中突出的是侵犯心包的心脏疾病，特别是透壁性心肌梗死（新出现时通常伴有Q波）。梗死的并发症，尤其是心肌假性动脉瘤，有一层壁是心包。此外，主动脉夹层动脉瘤和壁内主动脉出血可破入心包导致心包填塞，或者，如果范围有限，则类似急性心包炎。肺和胸膜疾病，包括膈胸膜疾病，也会导致肺栓塞，可产生多种综合征。纵隔疾病，尤其是炎症和恶性肿瘤，特别是累及淋巴结时，可引起纵隔炎症和纤维化。许多食管疾病可穿透或形成瘘管，通常伴有气心包。很少见的是，原发性心包疾病如化脓性心包炎、恶性肿瘤和粗糙的心包钙化会影响相邻组织。我们将在这些主题下讨论许多综合征和疾病。
