CEMIT (Centro Médico Investigadores Tucumán), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina,
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2012 Jun;14(3):275-83. doi: 10.1007/s11908-012-0257-5.
A potentially fatal complication of influenza infection is the development of pneumonia, caused either directly by the influenza virus, or by secondary bacterial infection. Pneumonia related to the 2009 influenza A pandemic was found to be underestimated by commonly used pneumonia severity scores in many cases, and to be rapidly progressive, leading to respiratory failure. Confirmation of etiology by laboratory testing is warranted in such cases. Rapid antigen and immunofluorescence testing are useful screening tests, but have limited sensitivity. Confirmation of pandemic H1N1 influenza A infection can only be made by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) or viral culture. The most effective preventive measure is annual influenza vaccination in selected individuals. Decisions to administer antiviral medications for influenza treatment or chemoprophylaxis should be based upon clinical and epidemiological factors, and should not be delayed by confirmatory laboratory testing results. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NI) are the agents of choice.
流感感染的一种潜在致命并发症是肺炎的发生，其可由流感病毒直接引起，也可由继发细菌感染引起。在许多情况下，与 2009 年甲型流感大流行相关的肺炎被常用的肺炎严重程度评分低估，且呈快速进展，导致呼吸衰竭。在这种情况下，通过实验室检测确认病因是合理的。快速抗原和免疫荧光检测是有用的筛选检测方法，但敏感性有限。只有通过实时逆转录酶聚合酶链反应（rRT-PCR）或病毒培养才能确认大流行 H1N1 甲型流感感染。最有效的预防措施是在选定人群中进行年度流感疫苗接种。是否给予抗病毒药物进行流感治疗或化学预防应基于临床和流行病学因素，而不应因确认实验室检测结果而延迟。神经氨酸酶抑制剂（NI）是首选药物。
