Reduction in receptive field size of macaque MT neurons in the presence of visual noise.

The visual system faces a trade-off between increased spatial integration of disparate local signals and improved spatial resolution to filter out irrelevant noise. Increased spatial integration is beneficial when signals are weak, whereas increased spatial resolution is particularly beneficial when focusing on a small object in a cluttered natural scene. The receptive field (RF) size of visual cortical neurons can be modulated depending on various factors such as sensory context, allowing adaptive integration of sensory signals. In this study, we explored the spatial integration properties of neurons in macaque middle temporal visual area (MT). We hypothesized that spatial resolution would increase when high-contrast noise was presented simultaneously with a visual stimulus, enabling focus on a small object in a cluttered scene. To test this hypothesis, we mapped the RFs of MT neurons of two fixating monkeys in a 5 × 5 grid manner using a small patch of random-dot motion. To examine the effects of noise on RF profile, a dynamic noise (0% coherence dots) of varying diameter was concurrently presented at the RF center. We found that RF size decreased when noise diameter increased. Analyses based on the response normalization model and area summation provided evidence for the potential contribution of spatial summation properties within the RF and surround suppression to the apparent contraction of RF size. Our results suggest that MT neurons integrate smaller regions of motion signals when signals are embedded in noise, an efficient strategy to filter out surrounding noise.