Milliken Bruce, Thomson David R, Bleile Karmen, MacLellan Ellen, Giammarco Maria
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2012;65(7):1430-48. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2012.656851. Epub 2012 Apr 13.
The present study highlights the utility of context-specific learning for different probe types in accounting for the commonly observed dependence of negative priming on probe selection. Using a Stroop priming procedure, Experiments 1a and 1b offered a demonstration that Stroop priming effects can differ qualitatively for selection and no-selection probes when probe selection is manipulated between subjects, but not when it is manipulated randomly from trial to trial within subject (see also Moore, 1994). In Experiments 2 and 3, selection and no-selection probes served as two contexts that varied randomly from trial to trial, but for which proportion repeated was manipulated separately. A context-specific proportion repeated effect was observed in Experiment 2, characterized by modest quantitative shifts in the repetition effects as a function of the context-specific proportion repeated manipulation. However, with a longer intertrial interval in Experiment 3, a context-specific proportion repeated manipulation that focused on the no-selection probes changed the repetition effect qualitatively, from negative priming when the proportion repeated was .25 to positive priming when the proportion repeated was .75. The results are discussed with reference to the role of rapid, context-specific learning processes in the integration of prior experiences with current perception and action.
本研究强调了针对不同探测类型的特定情境学习在解释负启动对探测选择常见依赖性方面的作用。实验1a和1b采用Stroop启动程序，证明当在被试间操纵探测选择时，选择和非选择探测的Stroop启动效应在性质上可能不同，但当在被试内逐次随机操纵探测选择时则不然（另见Moore，1994）。在实验2和3中，选择和非选择探测作为两种情境，逐次随机变化，但重复比例分别进行操纵。实验2中观察到特定情境的重复比例效应，其特征是重复效应随特定情境重复比例操纵有适度的数量变化。然而，在实验3中，由于试验间隔时间更长，聚焦于非选择探测的特定情境重复比例操纵在性质上改变了重复效应，从重复比例为0.25时的负启动变为重复比例为0.75时的正启动。本文将结合快速的特定情境学习过程在将先前经验与当前感知和行动整合中的作用来讨论这些结果。
