Purification and characterization of recombinant human endothelin receptor type A.

Human endothelin receptor type A (ET(A)) is a G-protein coupled receptor that mediates vasoconstriction of blood vessels. To determine the structural characteristics and signaling mechanism of ET(A), we have expressed recombinant ET(A) as a fusion protein with p9 envelope protein from phi6 bacteriophage. The His-tag-labeled p9-ET(A) fusion protein was highly expressed in the membrane fraction of Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity by single affinity chromatography after solubilization with detergents. Purified p9-ET(A) appeared as an oligomer and presented mainly as an α-helical structure. The protein also showed specific binding to endothelin-1 (ET-1) and the alpha subunit of G(q) protein with apparent K(D) values of 17 and 20 nM, respectively. An antagonist of ET(A), bosentan, prevented the interaction between p9-ET(A) and ET-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that recombinant p9-ET(A) has a competent conformation for interactions with ET-1 and the alpha subunit of G(q) protein.