Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1610, USA.
Ecology. 2012 Mar;93(3):598-607. doi: 10.1890/11-1232.1.
The argument that the threat posed by introduced species is overblown is often buttressed by the observation that native species sometimes also become invasive. An examination of the literature on plant invasions in the United States shows that six times more nonnative species have been termed invasive than native species, and that a member of the naturalized nonnative pool is 40 times more likely than a native species to be perceived as invasive. In the great majority of instances in which a native plant species is seen as invasive, the invasion is associated with an anthropogenic disturbance, especially changed fire or hydrological regime, livestock grazing, and changes wrought by an introduced species. These results suggest that natives are significantly less likely than nonnatives to be problematic for local ecosystems.
引入物种所构成的威胁被夸大了,这种观点常常得到这样一种观察结果的支持,即本地物种有时也会变得具有侵略性。对美国植物入侵文献的研究表明,被称为入侵性的非本地物种是本地物种的六倍,而归化的非本地物种成为入侵性物种的可能性是本地物种的 40 倍。在大多数情况下,被视为入侵性的本地植物物种与人为干扰有关,特别是火灾或水文学变化、牲畜放牧以及引入物种造成的变化。这些结果表明,与非本地物种相比,本地物种对当地生态系统造成问题的可能性要小得多。