Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany. michael.obladen @ charite.de
Neonatology. 2012;102(2):89-97. doi: 10.1159/000336285. Epub 2012 May 25.
Treatment of sick neonates originated in maternity and foundling hospitals in the 19th century. Nosocomial infections and difficult logistics of wet-nursing prevented admission of neonates in most children's hospitals well into the 20th century. In this article, 31 hospitals are described, all located in large cities, in which preterm and sick neonates were treated before the Great Depression. Even though mostly initiated by private charity, these institutions performed research right from the start. Topics included warming and feeding preterm infants, collecting and distributing human milk, developing and storing breast milk substitutes, prevention of rickets and nosocomial infections, maternal and public education regarding infection control, pathoanatomic characterisation of diseases and malformations and epidemiologic studies of infant mortality. These pioneering hospitals, their founding dates, researchers and classic publications are presented in a table.
治疗患病新生儿的工作始于 19 世纪的产科和育婴堂。院内感染和复杂的代乳工作使得新生儿在 20 世纪大部分时间都无法入住儿童医院。本文描述了 31 家医院，它们都位于大城市，在大萧条之前就开始收治早产儿和患病新生儿。尽管这些机构大多由私人慈善机构发起，但从一开始就进行了研究。研究内容包括早产儿的保暖和喂养、人乳的采集和分发、母乳代用品的开发和储存、佝偻病和院内感染的预防、母婴和公众关于感染控制的教育、疾病和畸形的病理特征以及婴儿死亡率的流行病学研究。本文还以表格形式列出了这些先驱医院、成立日期、研究人员和经典出版物。
