Stimulation of the receptor for melanocyte-stimulating hormone by retinoic acid.

Treatment of Cloudman S91 melanoma cells with retinoic acid (RA) inhibits MSH-induced tyrosinase activity and melanin formation [(1990) J. Invest. Dermatol. 94, 461-464]. We report here, however, that in spite of inhibiting MSH-induced pigmentation, RA treatment caused a marked increase in MSH binding capacity for both cell surface and internal MSH binding sites. The stimulation was dose- and time-dependent and reversible, with half-maximal effects seen at 2 microM RA. Stimulation of MSH binding was seen as early as 3 h after exposure of cells to RA. Cell surface and internal binding activity increased in concert. Scatchard analysis indicated that increased MSH binding resulted from a 3-4-fold increase in the number of sites with no significant difference in their affinity for MSH. It appears that in suppressing MSH-induced melanogenesis, RA elicited a compensatory up-regulation of the MSH receptor system.