Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Ecology (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec # 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico.
N Biotechnol. 2012 Nov 15;30(1):3-8. doi: 10.1016/j.nbt.2012.05.020. Epub 2012 Jun 3.
Phytoremediation and phycoremediation are cost-effective and environmentally sound technologies for the treatment of polluted streams and wastewaters contaminated with metals. Currently, the most commonly used parameter to assess the metal uptake of biomass is (q) expressed as mg metal g dry weight(-1). By contrast, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) is one of the most widely used factors to evaluate the metal uptake capacity of macrophytes. However, both parameters the metal uptake (q) and the BCF cannot be applied to differentiate between the ability of live plants or photosynthetic microorganisms to adsorb the metal onto their surface through passive mechanisms or to accumulate the contaminant at intracellular level through metabolically active mechanisms. This mini review has the objective of discussing the need to differentiate between bioadsorption and bioaccumulation of metals in live plants and photosynthetic microorganisms used in phytofiltration and phycoremediation processes, respectively. The use of two specific factors, the bioadsorption factor (BAF) and the intracellular accumulation factor (IAF) that have been previously reported in order to make a clear differentiation between these two metal removal mechanisms in Salvinia minima and Leptolyngbya crossbyana is highlighted. It is suggested that the BAF and the IAF can be used in phytofiltration wetlands and phycoremediation lagoons, where there is the need of specific information indicating the fate of the metal in order to gain information about possible removal mechanisms. These factors could also provide a tool to decide whether it is possible to harvest the biomass and to recover a fair amount of metal adsorbed onto the surface by means of desorbent agents. A critical assessment of the use of EDTA as desorbent agent is also included.
植物修复和藻菌修复是处理受金属污染的溪流和废水的经济且环境友好型技术。目前，评估生物质金属吸收最常用的参数是（q），以每克干重吸收的金属毫克数表示。相比之下，生物浓缩因子（BCF）是评估大型植物金属吸收能力最常用的因子之一。然而，这两个参数（q）和 BCF 都不能用于区分活植物或光合作用微生物通过被动机制将金属吸附到其表面上的能力，或通过代谢活性机制在细胞内水平积累污染物的能力。这篇小型综述的目的是讨论需要区分植物过滤和藻菌修复过程中活植物和光合作用微生物对金属的生物吸附和生物积累。强调了先前报道的两个特定因子，生物吸附因子（BAF）和细胞内积累因子（IAF），以便在 Salvinia minima 和 Leptolyngbya crossbyana 中清楚地区分这两种金属去除机制。建议在植物过滤湿地和藻菌修复塘中使用 BAF 和 IAF，这些地方需要特定信息来指示金属的命运，以获取有关可能的去除机制的信息。这些因子还可以提供一种工具，用于决定是否可以收获生物质并通过解吸剂回收吸附在表面上的大量金属。还包括对 EDTA 作为解吸剂的使用的批判性评估。
