Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, 3223 North Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 Apr;112(4):499-505. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2011.11.014.
Obesity is remarkably refractory to treatment. Despite a plethora of quantitative studies, little qualitative research has been conducted on the topic of weight loss maintenance. This study used six focus groups to explore which factors promoted or prevented maintaining weight loss among a diverse, urban population. Eligible participants were those who had intentionally lost ≥10% of their body weight in the past 2 years and were categorized as either "regainers" or "maintainers" using self-reported length of weight maintenance and amount (%) regained. Regainers had regained ≥33% of their weight loss and maintainers had regained ≤15%. Participants (n=29) were predominantly African-American (58.6%) females (65.6%) with a mean age of 46.9±11.2 years. Four themes reflected similarities between regainers and maintainers, and four reflected differences between the groups. Both groups experienced lapses, used clothing fit for feedback on weight status, desired greater support during maintenance, and decreased self-monitoring of food intake over time. When compared with regainers, maintainers more often continued strategies used during weight loss, weighed themselves regularly, and used productive problem-solving skills and positive self-talk. Regainers experienced greater difficulty independently continuing food and exercise behaviors during maintenance, identifying decreased accountability and waning motivation as barriers. These findings suggest that weight loss maintenance efforts can be improved by addressing challenges such as long-term self-monitoring and problem-solving skills, and that maintenance success might depend on how people think as much as what they do.
肥胖症的治疗效果非常差。尽管有大量的定量研究，但针对体重维持的定性研究却很少。本研究使用了六个焦点小组来探讨哪些因素促进或阻碍了不同城市人群维持体重减轻。合格的参与者是那些在过去 2 年内有意减轻≥10%体重的人，并根据自我报告的体重维持时间和减轻量（%）分为“反弹者”或“维持者”。反弹者的体重减轻了≥33%，而维持者的体重减轻了≤15%。参与者（n=29）主要是非洲裔美国人（58.6%）和女性（65.6%），平均年龄为 46.9±11.2 岁。四个主题反映了反弹者和维持者之间的相似之处，四个主题反映了两组之间的差异。两组人都经历了失误，使用适合反馈体重状况的服装，希望在维持期间得到更多支持，并随着时间的推移减少对食物摄入的自我监测。与反弹者相比，维持者更经常继续使用减肥期间使用的策略，定期称重，并使用富有成效的解决问题的技巧和积极的自我对话。反弹者在维持期间独立继续饮食和运动行为时遇到了更大的困难，他们认为减少问责制和动机减弱是障碍。这些发现表明，通过解决长期自我监测和解决问题的技巧等挑战，可以改善体重维持的努力，并且维持成功可能取决于人们的思维方式，而不仅仅是他们的行为。
