Bulk gas-phase acidity.

The capability of a gaseous Brønsted acid HB to deliver protons to a base is usually described by the gas-phase acidity (GA) value of the acid. However, GA values are standard Gibbs energy differences and refer to individual gas pressures of 1 bar for acid HB, base B(-), and proton H(+). We show that the GA value is not suited to describe the bulk acidity of a gaseous acid. Here the pressure dependence of the activities of HB, H(HB)(n)(+), and B(HB)(m)(-) that result from gaseous autoprotolysis have to be considered. In this work, the pressure-dependent absolute chemical potential of the proton in the representative gaseous proton acids CH(4), NH(3), H(2)O, HF, and HCl was worked out and the general theory to describe bulk gas phase acidity--that can directly be compared with solution acidity--was developed.