New therapeutic agents in uveal melanoma.

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumour in adults. Five, ten and fifteen years after primary tumour treatment, up to 25%, 34% and 50% of patients may develop metastases, respectively. There are only a few systemic therapies that have been approved for uveal melanoma, all with doubtful efficacy. As the molecular knowledge over cancer has improved, new therapies are being developed. Several drugs, such as bortezomib, celecoxib, dacarbazine, anti-angiogenic agents (such as bevacizumab, sorafenib and sunitinib), temsirolimus, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors, ipilimumab and AEB071 are candidate drugs, and studies are underway to determine the therapeutic effects of these drugs in uveal melanoma.