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影响居家和社区长期护理服务利用的因素综述:趋势及对护理劳动力的影响

A review of factors influencing utilization of home and community-based long-term care: trends and implications to the nursing workforce.

作者信息

Rosenfeld Peri, Russell David

机构信息

Center for Home Care Policy & Research, Visiting Nurse Service of New York, New York, NY 10001, USA.

出版信息

Policy Polit Nurs Pract. 2012 May;13(2):72-80. doi: 10.1177/1527154412449747. Epub 2012 Jul 4.

Abstract

Over the past several decades, home- and community-based services (HCBS) have played an increasingly important role in providing care to patients with complex health problems and functional impairments, and in enabling patients to remain independent in their own homes. This article identifies developments in U.S. health care policy during the past three decades that have led to increases in demand for and utilization of home- and community-based health care. We discuss the implications of these policy developments, societal trends, and the unique opportunities they present for the nursing workforce. Descriptive analyses of data from the 2008 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (N = 28,402) reveal significant differences between nurses employed in HCBS and hospital settings, and provide little evidence that the nursing workforce has responded to the shifting needs for nursing resources in HCBS.

摘要

在过去几十年中,基于家庭和社区的服务(HCBS)在为患有复杂健康问题和功能障碍的患者提供护理以及使患者能够在自己家中保持独立方面发挥了越来越重要的作用。本文确定了过去三十年中美国医疗保健政策的发展情况,这些发展导致了对基于家庭和社区的医疗保健的需求和利用率的增加。我们讨论了这些政策发展、社会趋势及其为护理人员带来的独特机遇的影响。对2008年注册护士全国抽样调查(N = 28,402)数据的描述性分析揭示了在HCBS和医院环境中工作的护士之间的显著差异,并且几乎没有证据表明护理人员对HCBS中护理资源不断变化的需求做出了回应。

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