Gillioz Christelle, Gygax Pascal, Tapiero Isabelle
Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Can J Exp Psychol. 2012 Dec;66(4):239-50. doi: 10.1037/a0028625. Epub 2012 Jul 9.
This study investigated readers' representations of the main protagonist's emotional status in short narratives, as well as several mental factors that may affect these representations. General and visuospatial working memory, empathy, and simulation were investigated as potential individual differences in generating emotional inferences. Participants were confronted with narratives conveying information about the protagonist's emotional state. We manipulated each narrative's target sentence according to its content (emotional label vs. description of the behaviour associated to the emotion) and its congruence to the story (matching vs. mismatching). The results showed that globally the difference between reading times of congruent and incongruent target sentences was bigger in the behavioural than in the emotional condition. This pattern was accentuated for high visuospatial working memory participants when they were asked to simulate the stories. These results support the idea that mental models may be of a perceptual nature and may more likely include behavioural elements than emotion labels per se, as suggested earlier by Gygax et al. (2007).
本研究调查了读者在短叙事文中对主要主人公情绪状态的表征，以及可能影响这些表征的几个心理因素。研究了一般工作记忆和视觉空间工作记忆、同理心和模拟，将其作为产生情绪推理时潜在的个体差异。参与者面对传达有关主人公情绪状态信息的叙事文。我们根据每个叙事文的目标句子的内容（情绪标签与与情绪相关的行为描述）及其与故事的一致性（匹配与不匹配）对其进行了操纵。结果表明，总体而言，在行为条件下，匹配和不匹配目标句子的阅读时间差异比在情绪条件下更大。当要求具有高视觉空间工作记忆的参与者模拟故事时，这种模式更为明显。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即心理模型可能具有感知性质，并且可能比情绪标签本身更有可能包含行为元素，正如吉加克斯等人（2007年）早些时候所建议的那样。
