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Sr2RuO4 中的手性 p 波序。

Chiral p-wave order in Sr2RuO4.

机构信息

Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4M1, Canada.

出版信息

Rep Prog Phys. 2012 Apr;75(4):042501. doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/4/042501. Epub 2012 Mar 20.

Abstract

Shortly after the discovery in 1994 of superconductivity in Sr(2)RuO(4), it was proposed on theoretical grounds that the superconducting state may have chiral p-wave symmetry analogous to the A phase of superfluid (3)He. Substantial experimental evidence has since accumulated in favor of this pairing symmetry, including several interesting recent results related to broken time-reversal symmetry (BTRS) and vortices with half of the usual superconducting flux quantum. Great interest surrounds the possibility of chiral p-wave order in Sr(2)RuO(4), since this state may exhibit topological order analogous to that of a quantum Hall state, and can support such exotic physics as Majorana fermions and non-Abelian winding statistics, which have been proposed as one route to a quantum computer. However, serious discrepancies remain in trying to connect the experimental results to theoretical predictions for chiral p-wave order. In this paper, I review a broad range of experiments on Sr(2)RuO(4) that are sensitive to p-wave pairing, triplet superconductivity and time-reversal symmetry breaking and compare these experiments to each other and to theoretical predictions. In this context, the evidence for triplet pairing is strong, although some puzzles remain. The 'smoking gun' experimental results for chiral p-wave order, those which directly look for evidence of BTRS in the superconducting state of Sr(2)RuO(4), are most perplexing when the results are compared with each other and to theoretical predictions. Consequently, the case for chiral p-wave superconductivity in Sr(2)RuO(4) remains unresolved, suggesting the need to consider either significant modifications to the standard chiral p-wave models or possible alternative pairing symmetries. Recent ideas along these lines are discussed.

摘要

1994 年发现 Sr(2)RuO(4) 的超导性后,理论上提出超导态可能具有类似于超流 (3)He 的 A 相的手征 p 波对称性。此后,大量实验证据积累起来支持这种配对对称性,包括与时间反演对称性破缺 (BTRS) 和具有通常超导磁通量子一半的涡旋有关的几个有趣的最新结果。由于 Sr(2)RuO(4) 中可能存在手征 p 波序,因此人们对手征 p 波序的可能性产生了极大的兴趣,因为这种状态可能表现出类似于量子霍尔态的拓扑序,并且可以支持马约拉纳费米子和非阿贝尔缠绕统计等奇异物理,这些物理已被提议作为量子计算机的一种途径。然而,在试图将实验结果与手征 p 波序的理论预测联系起来时,仍然存在严重的差异。在本文中,我回顾了广泛的 Sr(2)RuO(4) 实验,这些实验对手征 p 波配对、三重态超导和时间反演对称性破缺敏感,并将这些实验相互比较,并与理论预测进行比较。在这种情况下,三重态配对的证据很强,尽管仍存在一些难题。直接在手征 p 波 Sr(2)RuO(4) 超导态中寻找 BTRS 证据的“确凿证据”实验结果,当相互比较并与理论预测进行比较时,最令人困惑。因此,Sr(2)RuO(4) 中的手征 p 波超导性的情况仍未解决,这表明需要考虑对手征 p 波模型进行重大修改或可能的替代配对对称性。沿着这些思路的最新想法也进行了讨论。

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