Kabelitz Dieter
Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Haus 17, 24105 Kiel.
Med Monatsschr Pharm. 2012 Jul;35(7):238-44.
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system that recognize microbial ligands preferentially derived from bacteria and viruses. Activation of TLR results in an immediate pro-inflammatory response of the innate immune system. TLR located on the cell surface recognize bacterial cell wall components, while intracellular TLR recognize viral or bacterial nucleic acids. Due to their stimulatory activity, TLR ligands can act as adjuvants for vaccine development but are also used for local immunotherapy of certain types of skin lesions. On the other hand, TLR ligand antagonists are under development as an approach to dampen excessive innate immune responses.
Toll样受体（TLR）是先天免疫系统的模式识别受体，可识别主要源自细菌和病毒的微生物配体。TLR的激活会导致先天免疫系统立即产生促炎反应。位于细胞表面的TLR识别细菌细胞壁成分，而细胞内的TLR识别病毒或细菌核酸。由于其刺激活性，TLR配体可作为疫苗开发的佐剂，但也用于某些类型皮肤病变的局部免疫治疗。另一方面，TLR配体拮抗剂正在研发中，作为一种减轻过度先天免疫反应的方法。
