Gendrel D
Service de Pédiatrie, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Groupe Hospitalier Necker-Enfants Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France.
Arch Pediatr. 2012 Sep;19 Suppl 2:S70-6. doi: 10.1016/S0929-693X(12)71277-0.
In European Country, Canada, Australia and Brazil immunization program with conjugate meningococcal C, including universal vaccination of infants or toddlers, with a catch-up program up to 19 y in several areas, have been successful in reducing disease incidence through direct and indirect protection. In USA, quadrivalent conjugate vaccines targeting serogroups ACYW135 are used in programs of adolescent immunization at 10 and 15 years because serotype Y is frequent. A mass immunization campaign against serogroupe A disease with a conjugate vaccine is beginning in African belt of meningitis. Polysaccharide vaccines A, C or ACYW135 are used in travelers but quadrivalent conjugate vaccine, with larger targets, gives higher titers after booster and must be preferred. Some questions are pending: immunize before or after one year of age, a booster dose in adolescence and the routine use of quadrivalent conjugate vaccine in Europe if the incidence of serotype Y is growing.
在欧洲国家、加拿大、澳大利亚和巴西，使用结合型C群脑膜炎球菌疫苗的免疫规划，包括对婴幼儿进行普遍接种，并在一些地区开展了直至19岁的补种计划，通过直接和间接保护成功降低了疾病发病率。在美国，由于Y血清型较为常见，针对ACYW135血清群的四价结合疫苗用于10岁和15岁青少年的免疫计划。在非洲脑膜炎带，一场使用结合疫苗针对A群疾病的大规模免疫运动正在展开。A、C或ACYW135多糖疫苗用于旅行者，但四价结合疫苗的目标人群更广，加强免疫后产生的抗体滴度更高，应优先选用。一些问题仍未解决：一岁前还是一岁后接种、青春期的加强剂量以及如果Y血清型发病率上升，在欧洲是否常规使用四价结合疫苗。
