Volodina Iu L, Shtil' A A
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2012 May-Jun;46(3):423-33.
Casein kinase 2 (CK2), a highly conservative, multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase, is critically important for the regulation of a plethora of processes in eukaryotes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and death. CK2 is expressed in all tissues; in particular, its amount and activity are elevated in tumor cells. Unlike many regulatory proteins CK2 permanently adopts an active conformation. Of the utmost importance are the anti-apoptotic functions of CK2. This protein kinase is capable of regulating cell survival at multiple levels including DNA repair, NF-kappaB, Wnt, PI3K/Akt and JAK-STAT signaling cascades, chaperones, activation of anti-apoptotic proteins and down-regulation of pro-apoptotic counterparts, in particular, caspases. The versatility of CK2-mediated phosphorylation ensures the survival of tumor cells exposed to stimuli that differ in the origin and mechanisms of cytotoxicity. This manifold mode of CK2-dependent survival makes this enzyme an important target for antitumor therapy.
酪蛋白激酶2（CK2）是一种高度保守的多功能丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶，对真核生物中众多过程的调节至关重要，如细胞增殖、分化和死亡。CK2在所有组织中均有表达；特别是在肿瘤细胞中其含量和活性会升高。与许多调节蛋白不同，CK2永久处于活性构象。CK2的抗凋亡功能至关重要。这种蛋白激酶能够在多个层面调节细胞存活，包括DNA修复、核因子-κB、Wnt、磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶B（PI3K/Akt）和Janus激酶/信号转导及转录激活因子（JAK-STAT）信号级联、伴侣蛋白、抗凋亡蛋白的激活以及促凋亡对应物（特别是半胱天冬酶）的下调。CK2介导的磷酸化的多功能性确保了暴露于细胞毒性来源和机制不同的刺激下的肿瘤细胞的存活。这种依赖CK2的多种存活模式使该酶成为抗肿瘤治疗的重要靶点。
