Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
Transfus Med Rev. 2013 Jan;27(1):29-35. doi: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2012.07.001. Epub 2012 Aug 16.
The Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, and subsequent tsunami took nearly 20 000 lives in Tohoku, the northeastern part of Japan's main island. Most victims were either carried away by the tsunami or drowned. The ability to collect blood was disrupted on the Pacific coast of Tohoku. Inland areas were less affected, but allogeneic blood collected in Tohoku is tested at the Miyagi Red Cross Blood Center (Miyagi Center) in the coastal city of Sendai. Miyagi Center was damaged and could not test for 2 months.
The aims of this study are as follows: (1) to assess transfusion practice at 8 disaster response hospitals in Tohoku's Fukushima Prefecture, for equal intervals before and after March 11, 2011; (2) to report activities related to blood collection and distribution in response to the disaster; and (3) to describe the Great East Japan Earthquake in the context of other disasters.
Data were collected through a survey of transfusion services at 8 major disaster response hospitals, communication at transfusion conferences, and literature review.
Transfused patients and units transfused were about 70% and 60% of normal in the surveyed hospitals because this was a disaster of mass casualty rather than mass injury, and patients requiring chronic care were evacuated out. A nationally coordinated effort allowed excess blood collected outside Tohoku to be transported in, despite infrastructure damage.
Japan's national system of blood collection and distribution responded effectively to local needs after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Disasters such as Japan's 3.11 should guide discourse about emergency preparedness and centralization of services.
2011 年 3 月 11 日的东日本大地震以及随后的海啸在日本本州岛东北部的东北地区夺走了近 2 万人的生命。大多数遇难者要么被海啸冲走，要么溺水身亡。东北地区的采血能力因此受到了破坏。内陆地区受到的影响较小，但在宫城县沿海城市仙台的宫城县红十字会血液中心（宫城中心）检测从东北地区采集的异体血液。宫城中心受损，无法进行 2 个月的检测。
本研究的目的如下：（1）评估东北地区福岛县 8 家灾害应对医院在 2011 年 3 月 11 日之前和之后的输血实践；（2）报告应对灾害的采血和分配活动；（3）描述东日本大地震在其他灾害中的情况。
通过对 8 家主要灾害应对医院的输血服务进行调查、输血会议上的交流以及文献回顾收集数据。
由于这是一次大规模伤亡而不是大规模受伤的灾难，接受慢性护理的患者被转移出去，因此接受输血的患者和输注的单位数约为正常情况下的 70%和 60%。尽管基础设施受损，但全国协调一致的努力使得可以将从东北地区以外采集的多余血液运入。
日本的血液采集和分配国家系统在东日本大地震后有效地应对了当地的需求。日本的 3.11 等灾害应指导应急准备和服务集中化的讨论。
