Environmental Energy and Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2012 Aug;62(8):880-7. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2012.671792.
Black carbon (BC), an important component ofthe atmospheric aerosol, has climatic, environmental, and human health significance. In this study, BC was continuously measured using a two-wavelength aethalometer (370 nm and 880 nm) in Rochester; New York, from January 2007 to December 2010. The monitoring site is adjacent to two major urban highways (I-490 and I-590), where 14% to 21% of the total traffic was heavy-duty diesel vehicles. The annual average BC concentrations were 0.76 microg/m3, 0.67 microg/m3, 0.60 microg/m3, and 0.52 microg/m3 in 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling was performed using PM2.5 elements, sulfate, nitrate, ammonia, elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC) data from the US. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) speciation network and Delta-C (UVBC370nm-BC880nm) data. Delta-C has been previously shown to be a tracer of wood combustion factor It was used as an input variable in source apportionment models for the first time in this study and was found to play an important role in separating traffic (especially diesel) emissions from wood combustion emissions. The result showed the annual average PM2.5 concentrations apportioned to diesel emissions in 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010 were 1.34 microg/m3, 1.25 microg/m3, 1.13 microg/m3, and 0.97 microg/m3, respectively. The BC conditional probability function (CPF) plots show a large contribution from the highway diesel traffic to elevated BC concentrations. The measurements and modeling results suggest an impact of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2007 Heavy-Duty Highway Rule on the decrease ofBC and PM2.5 concentrations during the study period.
黑碳（BC）是大气气溶胶的重要组成部分，具有气候、环境和人类健康意义。本研究在纽约罗切斯特使用双波长黑碳光度计（370nm 和 880nm）连续测量了 2007 年 1 月至 2010 年 12 月的黑碳。监测点毗邻两条主要的城市公路（I-490 和 I-590），其中 14%至 21%的总交通量为重型柴油车。2007 年、2008 年、2009 年和 2010 年的年平均黑碳浓度分别为 0.76μg/m3、0.67μg/m3、0.60μg/m3和 0.52μg/m3。使用美国环境保护署（EPA）细颗粒元素、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、氨、元素碳（EC）和有机碳（OC）数据以及 Delta-C（UVBC370nm-BC880nm）数据进行正矩阵因子（PMF）建模。Delta-C 以前被证明是木质燃烧因子的示踪剂，它首次被用作源分配模型的输入变量，在本研究中被发现对区分交通（特别是柴油）排放和木质燃烧排放起着重要作用。结果表明，2007 年、2008 年、2009 年和 2010 年分配给柴油排放的年平均 PM2.5 浓度分别为 1.34μg/m3、1.25μg/m3、1.13μg/m3和 0.97μg/m3。BC 条件概率函数（CPF）图显示，高速公路柴油交通对高浓度 BC 有很大贡献。测量和建模结果表明，美国环境保护署（EPA）2007 年重型公路法规在研究期间对 BC 和 PM2.5 浓度的降低有影响。
