阅读障碍的遗传和环境病因：对双胞胎及其非双胞胎兄弟姐妹阅读表现数据的德弗里斯-富尔克分析
Genetic and environmental etiologies of reading difficulties: DeFries-Fulker analysis of reading performance data from twin pairs and their nontwin siblings.
作者信息
Astrom Raven L, Wadsworth Sally J, Olson Richard K, Willcutt Erik G, Defries John C
机构信息
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
出版信息
Learn Individ Differ. 2012 Jun 1;22(3):365-369. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2012.01.011. Epub 2012 Feb 16.
Reading performance data from 254 pairs of identical (MZ) and 420 pairs of fraternal (DZ) twins, 8.0 to 20.0 years of age, were subjected to multiple regression analyses. An extension of the DeFries-Fulker (DF) analysis (DeFries & Fulker, 1985, 1988) that facilitated inclusion of data from 303 of their nontwin siblings was employed. In addition to providing estimates of heritability, this analysis yields a test of the difference between shared environmental influences for twins versus siblings (Astrom et al., 2011). Results suggest that proband reading deficits are due substantially to genetic factors (.67 ± .07, p < .001), and that shared environmental influences are significantly higher for members of twin pairs than for those of twins and their nontwin siblings (viz., .25 versus .17, p = .02).
对年龄在8.0至20.0岁的254对同卵双胞胎（MZ）和420对异卵双胞胎（DZ）的阅读表现数据进行了多元回归分析。采用了DeFries-Fulker（DF）分析（DeFries和Fulker，1985年，1988年）的扩展方法，该方法便于纳入来自他们303名非双胞胎兄弟姐妹的数据。除了提供遗传力估计值外，该分析还对双胞胎与兄弟姐妹的共同环境影响差异进行了检验（Astrom等人，2011年）。结果表明，先证者的阅读缺陷主要归因于遗传因素（.67±.07，p<.001），并且双胞胎成员的共同环境影响显著高于双胞胎及其非双胞胎兄弟姐妹的共同环境影响（即，.25对.17，p = .02）。
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