Operational Infectious Diseases, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Sep;18(9):1430-7. doi: 10.3201/eid1809.120257.
Meningococci have historically caused extensive illness among members of the United States military. Three successive meningococcal vaccine types were used from 1971 through 2010; overall disease incidence dropped by >90% during this period. During 2006-2010, disease incidence of 0.38 (cases per 100,000 person-years) among members of the US military was not significantly different from the incidence of 0.26 among the age-matched US general population. Of the 26 cases in the US military, 5 were fatal, 15 were vaccine failures (e.g., illness in a person who had been vaccinated), and 9 were caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y. Incidences among 17- to 19-year-old basic trainees and among US Marines were significantly higher than among comparison military populations (p<0.05). No apparent change in epidemiology of meningococcal disease was observed after replacement of quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine with conjugate vaccine in 2007. The data demonstrate that vaccination with meningococcal vaccine is effective.
脑膜炎球菌在历史上曾在美国军队成员中引起广泛的疾病。从 1971 年到 2010 年，使用了三种连续的脑膜炎球菌疫苗；在此期间，总疾病发病率下降了>90%。在 2006-2010 年期间，美国军队成员中每 100000 人年 0.38 例（病例数）的疾病发病率与年龄匹配的美国普通人群中 0.26 例的发病率没有显著差异。在 26 例美国军队中的病例中，有 5 例是致命的，15 例是疫苗失败（例如，已接种疫苗的人患病），9 例是由脑膜炎奈瑟菌血清群 Y 引起的。17 至 19 岁的基础学员和美国海军陆战队中的发病率明显高于其他军事人群（p<0.05）。在 2007 年用结合疫苗替代四价多糖疫苗后，未观察到脑膜炎球菌病流行病学的明显变化。数据表明，脑膜炎球菌疫苗接种是有效的。
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