Metal-binding domains and the metal selectivity of the vanadium(IV)-binding protein VBP-129 in blood plasma.

Ascidians are well known to accumulate extremely high levels of vanadium in their blood cells. Several key proteins related to vanadium accumulation and physiological function have been isolated from vanadium-rich ascidians. Of these, vanadium(IV)-binding protein-129 (VBP-129) is a unique protein that has been identified from the blood plasma of an ascidian Ascidia sydneiensis samea, but its metal binding domains are not known. In this study, several deletion and point mutants of VBP-129 were generated, and their metal binding abilities were assessed by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). The internal partial protein, VBP-Int41, did not bind to V(IV), but the two constructs, VBP-N52 and VBP-Int55, added with additional 11 or 14 neighboring amino acids bound to V(IV). Mutations for cysteine-47 and lysine-50 in VBP-Int55 diminished V(IV)-binding in VBP-Int55, suggesting that these amino acid residues play important roles in binding V(IV). ESR titration analysis revealed that VBP-129, VBP-N52 and VBP-Int55 could bind to 6, 3 and 2 V(IV) ions, respectively. ESR spectrum analysis indicated a N(2)O(2) coordination geometry, which is similar to vanabins. The cysteines may contribute to the maintenance of the three-dimensional structure that is necessary for binding V(IV) ions. VBP-129 did not have a V(V)-reductase activity, as expected from its tissue localization in blood plasma. This study provided the evidences that VBP-129 possesses V(IV)-binding domains that make a similar coordination to V(IV) as those by vanabins but VBP-129 acts solely as a V(IV)-chaperon in blood plasma.