Dept of Tuberculosis and AIDS, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
Eur Respir J. 2013 May;41(5):1157-62. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00033912. Epub 2012 Sep 27.
Childhood tuberculosis (TB) poses a high risk for morbidity and death. This study describes the characteristics of childhood TB in Israel and examines treatment outcomes. Data sources were the National TB Registry and the National Civil Census. Between 1999 and 2010, 416 children (aged <18 years) had TB, averaging 1.5 per 100 000 children (range 0.6-3.2), demonstrating a declining trend. The average proportion of all TB cases reported annually that were in children was 8.4% (range 5.4-11.8%). Most (n=320, 79%) of the childhood TB cases were pulmonary. TB rates were highest for the 0-4-year age group and lowest for the 10-14-year age group. Of all childhood TB cases, 236 (56.7%) were born in countries with high prevalence of TB: 214 were Israeli citizens who were Ethiopian-born and 22 were non-Israeli citizens. The overall childhood TB incidence in 2010 was 1.05 cases per 100 000 children. The incidence of TB for Israeli-born children, children whose parents were Ethiopian-born and children of migrant workers was 0.55 per 100 000, 7.5 per 100 000 and 50-100 per 100 000, respectively. Cultures were taken from 60% of all childhood TB cases. Most children (97.8%) achieved treatment success, while three children (0.7%) died. Overall, rates of childhood TB rates in Israel are decreasing. However, children of parents born in countries with a high prevalence of TB are still at high risk of developing TB. Bacteriological confirmation should be encouraged to improve control of childhood TB.
儿童结核病（TB）发病率高，易导致发病和死亡。本研究描述了以色列儿童结核病的特征，并对其治疗效果进行了评估。数据来源为国家结核病登记处和国家公民普查。1999 年至 2010 年，416 名（年龄<18 岁）儿童患有结核病，平均每 100,000 名儿童中有 1.5 例（范围 0.6-3.2），呈下降趋势。每年报告的所有结核病病例中，儿童所占比例平均为 8.4%（范围 5.4-11.8%）。大多数（n=320，79%）儿童结核病病例为肺结核。0-4 岁年龄组的结核病发病率最高，10-14 岁年龄组最低。所有儿童结核病病例中，236 例（56.7%）出生在结核病高发国家：214 例为以色列公民，出生于埃塞俄比亚，22 例为非以色列公民。2010 年儿童结核病总发病率为每 100,000 名儿童 1.05 例。以色列出生的儿童、父母为埃塞俄比亚出生的儿童和移民工人子女的结核病发病率分别为每 100,000 名儿童 0.55 例、7.5 例和 50-100 例。对所有儿童结核病病例的 60%进行了培养。97.8%的儿童治疗效果良好，3 名儿童（0.7%）死亡。总的来说，以色列儿童结核病发病率正在下降。然而，父母出生于结核病高发国家的儿童仍有较高的结核病发病风险。应鼓励进行细菌学确诊，以改善儿童结核病的控制。
