Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2012 Oct;46(5):901-17. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102012000500018.
To analyze alcohol and tobacco use among Brazilian adolescents and identify higher-risk subgroups.
A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Searches were performed using four databases (LILACS, MEDLINE /PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar), specialized websites and the references cited in retrieved articles. The search was done in English and Portuguese and there was no limit on the year of publication (up to June 2011). From the search, 59 studies met all the inclusion criteria: to involve Brazilian adolescents aged 10-19 years; to assess the prevalence of alcohol and/or tobacco use; to use questionnaires or structured interviews to measure the variables of interest; and to be a school or population-based study that used methodological procedures to ensure representativeness of the target population (i.e. random sampling).
The prevalence of current alcohol use (at the time of the investigation or in the previous month) ranged from 23.0% to 67.7%. The mean prevalence was 34.9% (reflecting the central trend of the estimates found in the studies). The prevalence of current tobacco use ranged from 2.4% to 22.0%, and the mean prevalence was 9.3%. A large proportion of the studies estimated prevalences of frequent alcohol use (66.7%) and heavy alcohol use (36.8%) of more than 10%. However, most studies found prevalences of frequent and heavy tobacco use of less than 10%. The Brazilian literature has highlighted that environmental factors (religiosity, working conditions, and substance use among family and friends) and psychosocial factors (such as conflicts with parents and feelings of negativeness and loneliness) are associated with the tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents.
The results suggest that consumption of alcohol and tobacco among adolescents has reached alarming prevalences in various localities in Brazil. Since unhealthy behavior tends to continue from adolescence into adulthood, public policies aimed towards reducing alcohol and tobacco use among Brazilians over the medium and long terms may direct young people and the subgroups at higher risk towards such behavior.
分析巴西青少年的烟酒使用情况并确定高风险亚组。
对文献进行系统回顾。使用四个数据库（LILACS、MEDLINE/PubMed、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar）、专业网站和检索文章中引用的参考文献进行搜索。搜索使用英文和葡萄牙文进行，对发表年份没有限制（截至 2011 年 6 月）。从搜索中，有 59 项研究符合所有纳入标准：涉及 10-19 岁的巴西青少年；评估酒精和/或烟草使用的流行率；使用问卷或结构化访谈来衡量感兴趣的变量；并且是一项基于学校或人群的研究，使用了确保目标人群代表性的方法学程序（即随机抽样）。
当前酒精使用的流行率（在调查时或前一个月）从 23.0%到 67.7%不等。平均流行率为 34.9%（反映了研究中发现的估计值的中心趋势）。当前烟草使用的流行率从 2.4%到 22.0%不等，平均流行率为 9.3%。大多数研究估计了频繁饮酒（66.7%）和重度饮酒（36.8%）的流行率超过 10%。然而，大多数研究发现频繁和重度吸烟的流行率低于 10%。巴西文献强调，环境因素（宗教信仰、工作条件以及家庭和朋友中的物质使用）和心理社会因素（如与父母的冲突以及消极和孤独感）与青少年的烟草和酒精使用有关。
结果表明，在巴西各地，青少年的烟酒消费已经达到了令人震惊的流行率。由于不健康的行为往往会从青少年持续到成年期，因此，旨在减少巴西人中长期饮酒和吸烟的公共政策可能会引导年轻人和高风险亚组走向这种行为。
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