Characterization of membrane-associated actin in boar spermatozoa.

Biochemical, immunological, and electron microscopic methods have been used to provide semi-quantitative estimates and to localize actin in membranes of boar spermatozoa. Immunoblots, using a monoclonal antibody raised against actin from chicken gizzard, detected the protein in caput and cauda sperm plasma membranes. Immunoassay indicated that approximately 1% of the total plasma membrane protein was actin. Monomeric actin accounted for more than one-half of the membrane actin. Approximately 30-40% of plasma membrane actin was insoluble in Triton X-100, and approximately 10% of the total actin remained insoluble after treatment with guanidine hydrochloride. The presence of F-actin in sperm plasma membranes and in plasma membrane detergent-insoluble proteins was detected by fluorescence microscopy using the specific probe NBD phallacidin. When S1 myosin subfragments attached to colloidal gold were used to localize F-actin by electron microscopy, the label was restricted to the outer acrosomal membrane of intact epididymal and ejaculated sperm. Filaments appeared in short arrays along the anterior region of the membrane. S1/gold labeled detergent-insoluble plasma membrane fractions but did not label the plasma membrane in intact sperm. Filaments were least prominent in intact caput spermatozoa and most prominent in ejaculated spermatozoa. We conclude that most actin associated with sperm membranes is in monomeric form in boar spermatozoa, but that actin filaments or protofilaments are components of the outer acrosomal membrane. These filaments may also associate with the plasma membrane overlying the acrosome.