Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Jan;131(1):55-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.007. Epub 2012 Nov 27.
This review highlights some of the research advances in anaphylaxis; hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects; and allergic skin diseases that were reported in the Journal in 2012. Studies support an increase in peanut allergy prevalence in children and exposure to the antibacterial agent triclosan and having filaggrin (FLG) loss-of-function mutations as risk factors for food sensitization. The role of specific foods in causing eosinophilic esophagitis is elucidated by several studies, and microRNA analysis is identified as a possible noninvasive disease biomarker. Studies on food allergy diagnosis emphasize the utility of component testing and the possibility of improved diagnosis through stepped approaches, epitope-binding analysis, and bioinformatics. Treatment studies of food allergy show promise for oral immunotherapy, but tolerance induction remains elusive, and additional therapies are under study. Studies on anaphylaxis suggest an important role for platelet-activating factor and its relationship to the need for prompt treatment with epinephrine. Insights on the pathophysiology and diagnosis of non-IgE-mediated drug allergy are offered, with novel data regarding the interaction of drugs with HLA molecules. Numerous studies support influenza vaccination of persons with egg allergy using modest precautions. Evidence continues to mount that there is cross-talk between skin barrier defects and immune responses in patients with atopic dermatitis. Augmentation of the skin barrier with reduction in skin inflammatory responses will likely lead to the most effective intervention in patients with this common skin disease.
这篇综述重点介绍了 2012 年在该杂志上发表的有关过敏反应、食物、药物和昆虫过敏、过敏性皮肤病的一些研究进展。研究表明，儿童花生过敏的患病率增加、接触抗菌剂三氯生和存在丝聚合蛋白（FLG）功能丧失突变是食物致敏的危险因素。几项研究阐明了特定食物在引起嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎中的作用，并且 miRNA 分析被确定为一种可能的非侵入性疾病生物标志物。关于食物过敏诊断的研究强调了成分测试的实用性，以及通过逐步方法、表位结合分析和生物信息学来改善诊断的可能性。食物过敏治疗的研究显示口服免疫疗法有希望，但诱导耐受仍然难以实现，并且正在研究其他疗法。关于过敏反应的研究表明血小板激活因子及其与需要迅速使用肾上腺素治疗的关系非常重要。提供了关于非 IgE 介导的药物过敏的病理生理学和诊断的见解，并有关于药物与 HLA 分子相互作用的新数据。大量研究支持使用适度预防措施对鸡蛋过敏的人进行流感疫苗接种。有证据表明，特应性皮炎患者的皮肤屏障缺陷和免疫反应之间存在串扰。通过减少皮肤炎症反应来增强皮肤屏障，可能会为这种常见皮肤病患者带来最有效的干预措施。
