School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea.
Environ Technol. 2012 Sep;33(16-18):2177-84. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2012.665485.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to determine lead (Pb) concentration in soil and tailing samples collected from a historical mining and smelting area. The Pb emission line at 405.781 nm was found to have the strongest intensity and highest linearity with concentration. It was further normalized by the Al emission line (394.401 nm), and a relationship between the peak area ratio (Pb/Al) and Pb concentration was established to determine Pb concentration of unknown samples. The Pb concentration was the highest at the former smelter site and unremediated mine-tailing areas, indicating that severe Pb contamination is still occurring. The Pb concentration decreased with increasing distance from the two major source areas (smelting and mine-tailing sites), although all samples exceeded the 400 mg/kg standard set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The limit of detection (LOD) for Pb was found to be 48 mg/kg, and the Pb concentrations determined by LIBS were in reasonable agreement with concentrations obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS; within 26%). When Pb concentrations were determined by calibration-free (CF)-LIBS, which does not require standard soil samples and dilution, both LIBS and ICP-MS were also in good agreement, suggesting that the CF-LIBS method can be used to determine Pb concentrations in highly contaminated soil samples. In addition to Pb, other metal emission lines from LIBS spectra were used to classify soil samples among the sites using a principal component analysis (PCA) method, showing a distinct difference in metal distribution between sites that are heavily contaminated by two major sources.
激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）用于测定从历史采矿和冶炼区采集的土壤和尾矿样品中的铅（Pb）浓度。发现在 405.781nm 处的 Pb 发射线具有最强的强度和与浓度最高的线性关系。进一步用 Al 发射线（394.401nm）归一化，建立了峰面积比（Pb/Al）与 Pb 浓度之间的关系，以确定未知样品的 Pb 浓度。在前冶炼厂和未修复的尾矿区，Pb 浓度最高，表明仍存在严重的 Pb 污染。尽管所有样品均超过美国环境保护署设定的 400mg/kg 标准，但随着与两个主要污染源（冶炼厂和尾矿场）距离的增加，Pb 浓度逐渐降低。Pb 的检出限（LOD）为 48mg/kg，LIBS 测定的 Pb 浓度与电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）获得的浓度相当一致（在 26%以内）。当使用无需标准土壤样品和稀释的无校准（CF）-LIBS 测定 Pb 浓度时，LIBS 和 ICP-MS 也非常吻合，表明 CF-LIBS 方法可用于测定高度污染土壤样品中的 Pb 浓度。除 Pb 外，LIBS 光谱中的其他金属发射线还用于使用主成分分析（PCA）方法对不同地点的土壤样品进行分类，表明受两个主要污染源严重污染的地点之间金属分布存在明显差异。
