Goncagul G, Seyrek Intas K, Kumru I H, Seyrek Intas D
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle Campus, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere. 2012;40(6):359-66.
Studies on the prevalence of pneumo- and urovagina in cows are rare. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the most common accompanying clinical signs of pneumo- and urovagina in dairy cows.
Between 2007 and 2010 a total of 1167 Holstein and Brown Swiss cows were examined clinically and bacteriologically. Pneumovagina was diagnosed if air was sucked in or expelled from the vagina spontaneously at any time. Urovagina was defined as the accumulation of urine at the fornix of the vagina.
The prevalence of pneumovagina and urovagina were 19.2% (n=224) and 3.1% (n=36), respectively. Several clinical findings were accompanying pneumovagina in affected cows. 77.7% of cows having pneumovagina additionally displayed foamy vaginal discharge during estrous. Passive urinary flow out of the vulva could be observed due to pressure during rectal examination in some cows with urovagina. Bacteriological examination of uterine swaps from 111 cows with pneumovagina yielded a positive result in 95.5% of the cases. Uterine samples from 20 control animals were bacteriologically positive in 45% of the cases.
Pneumovagina in cows has a much higher prevalence than published before and causes uterine infection, endometritis and infertility due to fecal contamination. Urovagina is always an accompanying sign in severe cases of pneumovagina. Foamy vaginal discharge during estrous can be regarded as pathognomonic and early sign of pneumovagina also in very mild cases. Evacuation of the uterus after parturition and a decrease in body condition score due to negative energy balance causes an increased negative intraabdominal pressure. These conditions seem to trigger the development of pneumo- and urovagina. For this reason repeat-breeders and especially cows with foamy vaginal discharge during estrous, passive urinary leakage and an angulated vulva dorsal to the ischiadic arch should be carefully examined for pneumovagina.
关于奶牛气胸性阴道和尿性阴道患病率的研究较少。本研究的目的是确定奶牛气胸性阴道和尿性阴道的患病率以及最常见的伴随临床症状。
2007年至2010年间，对1167头荷斯坦奶牛和瑞士褐牛进行了临床和细菌学检查。若阴道在任何时候有空气自发吸入或排出，则诊断为气胸性阴道。尿性阴道定义为阴道穹窿处有尿液积聚。
气胸性阴道和尿性阴道的患病率分别为19.2%（n = 224）和3.1%（n = 36）。患病奶牛的气胸性阴道伴有多种临床症状。77.7%的气胸性阴道奶牛在发情期还伴有泡沫状阴道分泌物。在一些尿性阴道奶牛中，直肠检查时由于压力可观察到尿液从外阴被动流出。对111例气胸性阴道奶牛的子宫拭子进行细菌学检查，95.5%的病例结果呈阳性。20头对照动物的子宫样本细菌学检查阳性率为45%。
奶牛气胸性阴道的患病率比之前报道的要高得多，并且由于粪便污染会导致子宫感染、子宫内膜炎和不孕。尿性阴道总是气胸性阴道严重病例的伴随症状。发情期的泡沫状阴道分泌物即使在非常轻微的病例中也可被视为气胸性阴道的特征性早期症状。产后子宫排空以及由于负能量平衡导致的体况评分下降会使腹内负压增加。这些情况似乎会引发气胸性阴道和尿性阴道的发生。因此，对于屡配不孕的奶牛，尤其是发情期有泡沫状阴道分泌物、被动性尿漏以及坐骨弓背侧外阴呈角状的奶牛，应仔细检查是否存在气胸性阴道。
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