Laboratoire "Cognitions Humaine et Artificielle" CHArt, Université Paris 8, 2 rue de la Liberté, 93526 Saint-Denis cedex02, France.
Infant Behav Dev. 2013 Feb;36(1):94-101. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2012.11.006. Epub 2012 Dec 23.
Infants' abilities to request and to inform by gazing and pointing at 10 months and 13 months of age are studied. We expect that 10-month-old children may use more gazing than pointing and that 13-month-old children perform more pointing than gazing. We hypothesize further that10-month-olds and 13-month-olds perform imperative pointing similarly, they differ when informative pointing is requested: younger infants would fail to use it. The experimental setting tests acts of indicating in a hiding game during routine and de-routinized situation by unbalancing the accessibility of information available to mother. In routines, where the mother is present during hiding, 10-month-old have a high score of correct indications by gaze as well as by pointing. In a non-routine context, 10-month-old children fail to indicate by gazing and pointing whereas 13-month-old children succeed. Results are discussed in terms of infants' Theory of mind, more specifically the ability to represent one's partner epistemic intentions.
研究了 10 个月大和 13 个月大的婴儿通过凝视和指向请求和告知的能力。我们预计 10 个月大的孩子可能会更多地凝视而不是指向,而 13 个月大的孩子会更多地指向而不是凝视。我们进一步假设,10 个月大和 13 个月大的婴儿执行指令性指向的方式相似,但在请求信息性指向时会有所不同:较小的婴儿无法使用它。实验设置在隐藏游戏中测试指示行为,在常规和非常规情况下通过平衡母亲可获得信息的可及性。在常规情况下,母亲在隐藏期间在场,10 个月大的婴儿通过凝视和指向有很高的正确指示分数。在非常规情况下,10 个月大的孩子无法通过凝视和指向来指示,而 13 个月大的孩子则成功了。结果将根据婴儿的心理理论进行讨论,特别是代表其伙伴认识意图的能力。