Kishi Kazuo, Okabe Keisuke, Shimizu Ruka, Kubota Yoshiaki
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
Keio J Med. 2012;61(4):101-8. doi: 10.2302/kjm.2011-0002-ir.
Until a certain developmental stage, cutaneous wounds in mammalian fetuses heal rapidly without scars with complete regeneration of the skin. In the process of fetal wound healing, inflammatory responses, granulation proliferation, and scar formation that are observed in adults are not seen. Numerous studies have reported the causes of fetal scarless cutaneous regeneration, including reduced expression of TGF-β1 and higher levels of hyaluronan in the extracellular matrix, from the viewpoints of molecular biology and cellular biology, but the mechanisms are not completely understood. Although a variety of substances that inhibit scar formation have been investigated, currently it is almost impossible for adult cutaneous wounds to heal completely without scars. Except for a few animal species, perfect regeneration after wounding can occur only during the gestation period. By strictly comparing the stages before and after the transition from the regeneration of skin to scarring, it will be possible to investigate the mechanisms of cutaneous regeneration.
在某个特定的发育阶段之前，哺乳动物胎儿的皮肤伤口能够迅速愈合且不留疤痕，皮肤实现完全再生。在胎儿伤口愈合过程中，不会出现成人体内所观察到的炎症反应、肉芽组织增生和疤痕形成。从分子生物学和细胞生物学的角度来看，众多研究报告了胎儿无疤痕皮肤再生的原因，包括转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）表达降低以及细胞外基质中透明质酸水平较高，但具体机制尚未完全明确。尽管已经对多种抑制疤痕形成的物质进行了研究，但目前成人皮肤伤口几乎不可能完全不留疤痕地愈合。除了少数动物物种外，受伤后的完美再生仅在妊娠期才会发生。通过严格比较皮肤从再生转变为形成疤痕前后的阶段，将有可能探究皮肤再生的机制。
