Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, NC 27695, USA.
Biotechnol J. 2013 Apr;8(4):421-33. doi: 10.1002/biot.201200203. Epub 2013 Jan 17.
Molecular mechanisms regulating human trophoblast differentiation remain poorly understood due to difficulties in obtaining primary tissues from very early developmental stages in humans. Therefore, the use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a source for generating trophoblast tissues is of significant interest. Trophoblast-like cells have been obtained through treatment of hESCs with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) or inhibitors of activin/nodal/transforming growth factor-β signaling, or through protocols involving formation of embryoid bodies (EBs); however, there is controversy over whether hESC-derived cells are indeed analogous to true trophoblasts found in vivo. In this review, we provide an overview of previously described efforts to obtain trophoblasts from hESCs. We also discuss the merits and limitations of hESCs as a source of trophoblast derivatives.
由于难以从人类非常早期的发育阶段获得原代组织，因此，调节人滋养层细胞分化的分子机制仍知之甚少。因此，使用人类胚胎干细胞（hESC）作为生成滋养层组织的来源具有重要意义。通过用骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）或激活素/ nodal /转化生长因子-β信号抑制剂处理 hESC，或者通过涉及形成胚状体（EB）的方案，可以获得滋养层样细胞，但是关于 hESC 衍生的细胞是否确实类似于体内发现的真正滋养层存在争议。在这篇综述中，我们提供了对以前从 hESC 获得滋养层的描述性研究的概述。我们还讨论了 hESC 作为滋养层衍生物来源的优点和局限性。
