儿童乘客约束装置与其他第二排乘客的关系：对 2007-2009 年全国助推座椅使用情况调查的分析。

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5456, USA.

Traffic Inj Prev. 2013;14(2):209-14. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2012.700748.

OBJECTIVE

Child restraint systems (CRS) are increasingly being designed to accommodate larger children and to mitigate side impact injuries. Little is known about the impact of CRS on the safety of other vehicle passengers due to limitations of existing crash databases. This study provides the first assessment of the seating positions occupied by child passengers and the relationship between CRS and other second-row passengers in a national sample of vehicles transporting children.

METHODS

A secondary analysis was conducted of data from the 2007-2009 National Survey of the Use of Booster Seats (NSUBS), a direct in-vehicle observational study of child passenger restraint use. Passengers riding in the same vehicle were identified and passenger position was determined. Vehicles with second-row child passengers were included in analyses of seat positions occupied by child passengers with and without CRS. Frequency counts for the different combinations of CRS and passengers in second rows were calculated.

RESULTS

Of the 17,065 vehicles observed in 2007-2009 NSUBS, 14,506 (85%) vehicles contained at least 1 child passenger in a second row that contained no more than 3 total passengers. Of these 14,506 vehicles, 55 percent contained a lone child passenger in the second row. A CRS was in use in 4656 (59%) of the 7949 vehicles with a lone child passenger in the second row compared to 4077 (62%) of the 6557 vehicles with multiple passengers in the second row (P < .001). A passenger was adjacent to a CRS within 1333 (33%) of the 4077 vehicles containing a CRS in the second row. There were 3 second-row passengers in nearly 1 in 5 vehicles containing a CRS in the second row.

CONCLUSION

Adults and children not using CRS are frequently seated in vehicle second rows adjacent to a child restrained in a CRS. These findings should be used to inform the regulation, design, and testing of CRS and to determine the risks of larger CRS designs to other passengers seated in the same vehicle row relative to the benefits of the CRS for the passenger it restrains.

目的

儿童约束系统（CRS）越来越多地被设计为容纳较大的儿童，并减轻侧面碰撞伤害。由于现有碰撞数据库的限制，对于 CRS 对其他车辆乘客安全性的影响知之甚少。本研究首次评估了全国范围内运送儿童的车辆样本中儿童乘客的座位位置以及 CRS 与其他第二排乘客之间的关系。

方法

对 2007-2009 年全国使用助推器座椅调查（NSUBS）的数据进行了二次分析，这是一项关于儿童乘客约束装置使用的直接车内观察研究。确定了在同一辆车内的乘客，并确定了乘客的位置。对有第二排儿童乘客的车辆进行了分析，以确定有和没有 CRS 的儿童乘客的座位位置。计算了 CRS 和第二排乘客不同组合的频率计数。

结果

在 2007-2009 年 NSUBS 观察到的 17065 辆车辆中，14506 辆（85%）车辆在第二排至少有 1 名儿童乘客，且第二排不超过 3 名乘客。在这 14506 辆车辆中，55%的车辆在第二排只有 1 名儿童乘客。在有第二排仅有 1 名儿童乘客的 7949 辆车辆中，有 4656 辆（59%）使用了 CRS，而在有第二排多名乘客的 6557 辆车辆中，有 4077 辆（62%）使用了 CRS（P<0.001）。在装有 CRS 的 4077 辆第二排车辆中，有 1333 辆（33%）乘客与 CRS 相邻。在装有 CRS 的第二排车辆中，有近 1/5 的车辆有 3 名第二排乘客。