Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53694. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053694. Epub 2013 Jan 18.
The non-muscular cells that populate the space found between cardiomyocyte fibers are known as 'cardiac interstitial cells' (CICs). CICs are heterogeneous in nature and include different cardiac progenitor/stem cells, cardiac fibroblasts and other cell types. Upon heart damage CICs soon respond by initiating a reparative response that transforms with time into extensive fibrosis and heart failure. Despite the biomedical relevance of CICs, controversy remains on the ontogenetic relationship existing between the different cell kinds homing at the cardiac interstitium, as well as on the molecular signals that regulate their differentiation, maturation, mutual interaction and role in adult cardiac homeostasis and disease. Our work focuses on the analysis of epicardial-derived cells, the first cell type that colonizes the cardiac interstitium. We present here a characterization and an experimental analysis of the differentiation potential and mobilization properties of a new cell line derived from mouse embryonic epicardium (EPIC). Our results indicate that these cells express some markers associated with cardiovascular stemness and retain part of the multipotent properties of embryonic epicardial derivatives, spontaneously differentiating into smooth muscle, and fibroblast/myofibroblast-like cells. Epicardium-derived cells are also shown to initiate a characteristic response to different growth factors, to display a characteristic proteolytic expression profile and to degrade biological matrices in 3D in vitro assays. Taken together, these data indicate that EPICs are relevant to the analysis of epicardial-derived CICs, and are a god model for the research on cardiac fibroblasts and the role these cells play in ventricular remodeling in both ischemic or non/ischemic myocardial disease.
填充在心肌细胞纤维之间的非肌肉细胞被称为“心脏间质细胞”(CICs)。CICs 本质上是异质的,包括不同的心脏祖细胞/干细胞、心脏成纤维细胞和其他细胞类型。在心脏受损后,CICs 很快会启动修复反应,随着时间的推移,这种反应会转化为广泛的纤维化和心力衰竭。尽管 CICs 具有重要的生物医学意义,但关于归巢到心脏间质的不同细胞类型之间存在的胚胎发生关系,以及调节它们分化、成熟、相互作用以及在成年心脏稳态和疾病中作用的分子信号,仍然存在争议。我们的工作重点是分析心外膜衍生细胞,这是第一种定植在心脏间质中的细胞类型。我们在这里介绍了一种从小鼠胚胎心外膜(EPIC)中衍生的新细胞系的分化潜力和动员特性的分析和实验。我们的结果表明,这些细胞表达一些与心血管干细胞相关的标志物,并保留了部分胚胎心外膜衍生物的多能性,可自发分化为平滑肌和成纤维细胞/肌成纤维细胞样细胞。还表明心外膜衍生细胞对不同生长因子会产生特征性反应,表现出特征性的蛋白水解表达谱,并在 3D 体外实验中降解生物基质。综上所述,这些数据表明 EPICs 与心脏间质衍生的 CICs 的分析有关,是研究心脏成纤维细胞及其在缺血性或非/缺血性心肌疾病中对心室重构作用的理想模型。
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