Amitai Maya, Sever Yonathan, Weizman Abraham, Zalsman Gil
Child and AdoLescent Division, Geha Mental Health Center, Israel.
Harefuah. 2012 Sep;151(9):550-3, 554.
Schizophrenia in children and adolescents is a rare and serious representation of adult schizophrenia that indicates phenotypic and neurobiological continuity with the adult version of the illness. Epidemiological, genetic, cognitive and imaging findings support the centrality of the neuro-developmental model in the etiology of the disease. The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia in children and adolescents, and in adults are identical. However, many of the children suffering from schizophrenia display higher levels of impaired pre-morbid functionality than adults with schizophrenia, and have a worse prognosis. Similar to adult-schizophrenia, prognosis is further worsened by frequent co-morbidities. Currently, treatment mainly consists of anti-psychotic medications, including clozapine. However, there is little evidence as to its effectiveness and side-effects are common in younger age.
儿童和青少年精神分裂症是成人精神分裂症的一种罕见且严重的表现形式，表明其与成人版疾病在表型和神经生物学上具有连续性。流行病学、遗传学、认知和影像学研究结果支持神经发育模型在该疾病病因学中的核心地位。儿童、青少年与成人精神分裂症的诊断标准相同。然而，许多患有精神分裂症的儿童在病前功能受损程度上高于成年精神分裂症患者，且预后更差。与成人精神分裂症类似，频繁的共病会使预后进一步恶化。目前，治疗主要包括使用抗精神病药物，如氯氮平。然而，关于其有效性的证据很少，且在较年轻患者中副作用很常见。
