[关于轴性和屈光性屈光参差患病率的调查]
[Investigations on the prevalence of axial and refractive anisometropia].
作者信息
Majdanik Ewa, Czepita Damian, Safranow Krzysztof
机构信息
Katedra i Klinika Okulistyki Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie.
出版信息
Klin Oczna. 2012;114(3):184-6.
PURPOSE
The aim of this paper was to describe the prevalence of axial and refractive anisometropia among students 18 years old.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was carried out among high school students 18 years old in Szczecin, Poland. A total of 1040 students including 381 boys and 659 girls were examined. Every student underwent retinoscopy after cycloplegia using 1% Tropicamide. The differences in spherical equivalents in the right and left eye, were calculated. Students who had anisometropia >1.00 Dsph, were qualified to the next part of the studies, in which examinations using an autorefractometer, keratometer, biometric ultrasounds as well as the IOL Master were carried out. In the group of 70 students (which makes up 7% of the examined population), qualified to the next part of the examinations, a total of 20 participants (2%) declined. The remaining 50 students (5%) were divided into two groups. One group consisted of students with axial anisometropia, while the other consisted of students with refractive anisometropia. All of the collected data were stored in an electronic database using the Microsoft EXCEL computer program and analyzed with Statistica 6.1 software. In the analysis of nominal variables the Fisher exact test was used. P values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
In the conducted studies a higher prevalence of axial anisometropia (60%) compared to refractive anisometropia (40%) was observed, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.20). No association between the type of anisometropia and gender was found in the studies. Axial anisometropia was found in 60% of boys and girls in the study group qualified to the second part of the examinations, while refractive anisometropia was found in 40% of boys and girls qualified to the next part of the examinations.
CONCLUSIONS
Anisometropia in students 18 years old is caused more often by different axial length rather than by different refraction of the eye.
目的
本文旨在描述18岁学生中轴性和屈光性屈光参差的患病率。
材料与方法
该研究在波兰什切青市18岁的高中生中进行。共检查了1040名学生，其中包括381名男生和659名女生。每位学生在使用1%托吡卡胺散瞳后进行检影验光。计算左右眼等效球镜度的差异。屈光参差>1.00 Dsph的学生进入研究的下一阶段，在此阶段使用自动验光仪、角膜曲率计、生物测量超声以及IOL Master进行检查。在有资格进入下一阶段检查的70名学生（占受检人群的7%）中，共有20名参与者（2%）拒绝参加。其余50名学生（5%）被分为两组。一组由轴性屈光参差的学生组成，另一组由屈光性屈光参差的学生组成。所有收集的数据都使用Microsoft EXCEL计算机程序存储在电子数据库中，并使用Statistica 6.1软件进行分析。在名义变量分析中使用Fisher精确检验。P值小于0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
结果
在进行的研究中，观察到轴性屈光参差的患病率（60%）高于屈光性屈光参差（40%），但差异未达到统计学意义（p = 0.20）。研究中未发现屈光参差类型与性别之间存在关联。在有资格进入检查第二阶段的研究组中，60%的男生和女生患有轴性屈光参差，而40%有资格进入下一阶段检查的男生和女生患有屈光性屈光参差。
结论
18岁学生的屈光参差更多是由不同的眼轴长度而非不同的眼屈光引起的。
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