Research Group on Geriatrics and Gerontology, International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics Collaborative Center, University of Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.
Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:61-7. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S40221. Epub 2013 Jan 20.
Falls and fractures are major causes of morbidity and mortality in older people. More importantly, previous falls and/or fractures are the most important predictors of further events. Therefore, secondary prevention programs for falls and fractures are highly needed. However, the question is whether a secondary prevention model should focus on falls prevention alone or should be implemented in combination with fracture prevention. By comparing a falls prevention clinic in Manizales (Colombia) versus a falls and fracture prevention clinic in Sydney (Australia), the objective was to identify similarities and differences between these two programs and to propose an integrated model of care for secondary prevention of fall and fractures. A comparative study of services was performed using an internationally agreed taxonomy. Service provision was compared against benchmarks set by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and previous reports in the literature. Comparison included organization, administration, client characteristics, and interventions. Several similarities and a number of differences that could be easily unified into a single model are reported here. Similarities included population, a multidisciplinary team, and a multifactorial assessment and intervention. Differences were eligibility criteria, a bone health assessment component, and the therapeutic interventions most commonly used at each site. In Australia, bone health assessment is reinforced whereas in Colombia dizziness assessment and management is pivotal. The authors propose that falls clinic services should be operationally linked to osteoporosis services such as a "falls and fracture prevention clinic," which would facilitate a comprehensive intervention to prevent falls and fractures in older persons.
跌倒和骨折是老年人发病率和死亡率的主要原因。更重要的是,既往跌倒和/或骨折是进一步发生事件的最重要预测因素。因此,非常需要跌倒和骨折的二级预防计划。然而,问题是二级预防模型是否应该仅专注于预防跌倒,还是应该与预防骨折相结合实施。通过比较哥伦比亚马拉开雷斯的跌倒预防诊所与澳大利亚悉尼的跌倒和骨折预防诊所,目的是确定这两个方案之间的相似之处和不同之处,并提出跌倒和骨折二级预防的综合护理模式。使用国际商定的分类法对服务进行了比较研究。根据国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE)和文献中的先前报告,将服务提供情况与基准进行了比较。比较包括组织、管理、客户特征和干预措施。这里报告了一些相似之处和许多差异,这些差异很容易统一到一个单一的模式中。相似之处包括人口、多学科团队以及多因素评估和干预。差异在于资格标准、骨健康评估部分以及每个地点最常用的治疗干预措施。在澳大利亚,骨健康评估得到加强,而在哥伦比亚,头晕评估和管理是关键。作者提出,跌倒诊所服务应该与骨质疏松症服务(如“跌倒和骨折预防诊所”)进行操作上的联系,这将有助于对老年人进行全面干预以预防跌倒和骨折。