EpiConcept, Paris, France.
Euro Surveill. 2013 Jan 31;18(5):20390. doi: 10.2807/ese.18.05.20390-en.
Within the Influenza Monitoring Vaccine Effectiveness in Europe (I-MOVE) project we conducted a multicentre case–control study in eight European Union (EU) Member States to estimate the 2011/12 influenza vaccine effectiveness against medically attended influenza-like illness (ILI) laboratory-confirmed as influenza A(H3) among the vaccination target groups. Practitioners systematically selected ILI / acute respiratory infection patients to swab within seven days of symptom onset. We restricted the study population to those meeting the EU ILI case definition and compared influenza A(H3) positive to influenza laboratory-negative patients. We used logistic regression with study site as fixed effect and calculated adjusted influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE), controlling for potential confounders (age group, sex, month of symptom onset, chronic diseases and related hospitalisations, number of practitioner visits in the previous year). Adjusted IVE was 25% (95% confidence intervals (CI): -6 to 47) among all ages (n=1,014), 63% (95% CI: 26 to 82) in adults aged between 15 and 59 years and 15% (95% CI: -33 to 46) among those aged 60 years and above. Adjusted IVE was 38% (95%CI: -8 to 65) in the early influenza season (up to week 6 of 2012) and -1% (95% CI: -60 to 37) in the late phase. The results suggested a low adjusted IVE in 2011/12. The lower IVE in the late season could be due to virus changes through the season or waning immunity. Virological surveillance should be enhanced to quantify change over time and understand its relation with duration of immunological protection. Seasonal influenza vaccines should be improved to achieve acceptable levels of protection.
在流感监测疫苗有效性在欧洲（I-MOVE）项目中，我们在八个欧盟（EU）成员国进行了一项多中心病例对照研究，以估计 2011/12 流感疫苗对甲型 H3 流感样疾病（ILI）实验室确诊的接种目标人群的有效性。医生系统地选择 ILI/急性呼吸道感染患者，在症状出现后七天内进行拭子采样。我们将研究人群限制在符合欧盟 ILI 病例定义的人群中，并比较了甲型 H3 阳性和流感实验室阴性患者。我们使用具有研究地点为固定效应的逻辑回归，并计算了调整后的流感疫苗有效性（IVE），控制了潜在的混杂因素（年龄组、性别、症状出现月份、慢性疾病和相关住院、前一年就诊医生次数）。在所有年龄段（n=1014）中，调整后的 IVE 为 25%（95%置信区间（CI）：-6 至 47），在 15 至 59 岁的成年人中为 63%（95% CI：26 至 82），在 60 岁及以上的人群中为 15%（95% CI：-33 至 46）。在早期流感季节（截至 2012 年第 6 周），调整后的 IVE 为 38%（95%CI：-8 至 65），在晚期为-1%（95% CI：-60 至 37）。结果表明 2011/12 年的调整后 IVE 较低。后期 IVE 较低可能是由于病毒在整个季节的变化或免疫减弱所致。应加强病毒学监测，以量化随时间的变化，并了解其与免疫保护持续时间的关系。季节性流感疫苗应加以改进，以达到可接受的保护水平。
