Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Clin Oncol. 2013 Mar 10;31(8):1021-8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.45.8703. Epub 2013 Feb 11.
Over the last several years, new therapeutic targets have emerged in immunotherapy, particularly the immune checkpoint pathways. Blocking inhibitory pathways via monoclonal antibodies, such as the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody (ipilimumab), anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody (BMS-936558), and anti-programmed cell death-1 ligand antibody (BMS-936559), has the ability to break down the shield that tumors co-opt for their defense. Vaccines are able to help the immune system develop immune memory that can have long-lasting, tumor-specific effects. Newer vaccines, particularly the tumor cell vaccine, belagenpumatucel-L, and the antigen-specific vaccines, melanoma-associated antigen-A3, liposomal BLP-25, TG4010, and recombinant human epidermal growth factor, are being evaluated in some of the largest trials ever attempted in lung cancer therapy. These therapies alone or in combination may hold the key to making immunotherapy a reality in the treatment of lung cancer.
在过去的几年中，免疫疗法出现了新的治疗靶点，特别是免疫检查点途径。通过单克隆抗体阻断抑制途径，如抗细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞抗原-4 抗体（ipilimumab）、抗程序性细胞死亡-1 抗体（BMS-936558）和抗程序性细胞死亡-1 配体抗体（BMS-936559），能够打破肿瘤为防御而采用的盾牌。疫苗能够帮助免疫系统产生免疫记忆，从而产生持久的、针对肿瘤的效应。新型疫苗，特别是肿瘤细胞疫苗 belagenpumatucel-L 和抗原特异性疫苗黑色素瘤相关抗原-A3、脂质体 BLP-25、TG4010 和重组人表皮生长因子，正在一些有史以来最大的肺癌治疗试验中进行评估。这些疗法单独或联合使用，可能是实现肺癌免疫治疗的关键。
