Akhavan-Sepahi Mohsen, Sharifian Mostafa, Mohkam Maasumeh, Vafadar Mahdi, Hejazi Shamsaddin
Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology Ward, Hazrat Maasomeh Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Acta Med Iran. 2012;50(12):814-8.
Prevalence of urolithiasis in childhood is increasing. The wide geographic variation in the incidence of lithiasis in childhood is related to climatic, dietary, and socioeconomic factors. Many children with stone disease have a metabolic abnormality. In Southeast Asia, urinary calculi are endemic and are related to dietary factors. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of renal stone, urine metabolic abnormality, control of blood pressure and demographic character in elementary school children of Qom. A cross sectional study was performed on 110 primary school children (56 girls and 54 boys) aged 7 to 11 years old. Demographic data such as age, height, weight were gathered, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Urine analysis and culture, urinary levels of calcium, creatinine, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, uric acid, cystine, citrate, oxalate, protein and sonographic findings were evaluated. The mean (±SD) of age was 8.85±1.51 years. Only one child had renal stone (1%), but the prevalence of abnormal renal sonography was 7%. The most prevalent urine metabolic abnormalities were hypercalciuria (23%) and hypocitraturia (100%). 11.2% of children had positive urine culture that all were female. The prevalence of high blood pressure was 7.1% for girls and 11.1% for boys. The prevalence of renal stone in children in this study was 1%, which means the accurate judgment about the prevalence of renal stone in Qom city needs more comprehensive studies. Similar to other studies in Iran this study shows that the prevalence of hypercalciuria is significantly higher comparing to other countries, it may be associated with excessive intake of sodium.
儿童尿路结石的患病率正在上升。儿童结石发病率在地域上的广泛差异与气候、饮食和社会经济因素有关。许多患有结石病的儿童存在代谢异常。在东南亚，尿路结石呈地方性流行，且与饮食因素有关。本研究的主要目的是确定库姆市小学生肾结石的患病率、尿液代谢异常情况、血压控制情况以及人口统计学特征。对110名7至11岁的小学生（56名女生和54名男生）进行了横断面研究。收集了年龄、身高、体重等人口统计学数据，并评估了收缩压和舒张压、尿液分析与培养、尿钙、肌酐、磷、镁、钠、钾、尿酸、胱氨酸、柠檬酸盐、草酸盐、蛋白质水平以及超声检查结果。平均年龄为8.85±1.51岁。仅有一名儿童患有肾结石（1%），但肾脏超声异常的患病率为7%。最常见的尿液代谢异常是高钙尿症（23%）和低枸橼酸尿症（100%）。11.2%的儿童尿液培养呈阳性，且均为女性。女孩高血压患病率为7.1%，男孩为11.1%。本研究中儿童肾结石的患病率为1%，这意味着要准确判断库姆市肾结石的患病率需要更全面的研究。与伊朗的其他研究类似，本研究表明，与其他国家相比，高钙尿症的患病率显著更高，这可能与钠摄入过多有关。
