Solanki Poonam, Aminoshariae Anita, Jin Ge, Montagnese Thomas A, Mickel Andre
Case Western Reserve School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Quintessence Int. 2013 Apr 24;44(6):393. doi: 10.3290/j.qi.a29502.
Differentiated macrophages (MØ) are the resident tissue phagocytes and sentinel cells of the innate immune response. These cells are major constituents of periapical granulomas. Current studies indicate these activated cells as the source of bone-resorbing cytokines in the periapical granuloma. Periapical inflammation can be mediated by proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-8. Reducing the production of these cytokines may be beneficial for the treatment of periapical lesions. Oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been linked with anti-resorptive and bone-protective effects. The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of DHA on the expression of these cytokines by normal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated MØ. We hypothesized that pretreatment of MØ with DHA decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS-treated MØ.
THP-1 monocytes were cultured and differentiated into MØ. DHA was added to MØ in a dose-dependent manner. MØ samples were added to the following groups: Group 1, ethanol alone as a solvent control; Group 2, 10 µg/ml of DHA (D1); Group 3, 20 µg/ml of DHA (D2); Group 4, 10 µg/ml of DHA + LPS (DL1); Group 5, 20 µg/ml of DHA + LPS (DL2); Group 6, LPS alone. Reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) followed by ImageJ analysis was used to measure cytokine expression.
The results show that IL-1ß and TNF-α levels for DL and DHA (basal) were significantly lower than the levels in LPS alone. IL-6 was increased in the DL groups. There was no significant change for IL-8.
DHA at higher concentrations may selectively decrease proinflammatory cytokine production of IL-1ß and TNF-α. More studies are needed to verify the anti-inflammatory therapeutic action of agents like DHA omega-3 fatty acids.
分化型巨噬细胞（MØ）是固有免疫反应中的常驻组织吞噬细胞和哨兵细胞。这些细胞是根尖周肉芽肿的主要成分。目前的研究表明，这些活化细胞是根尖周肉芽肿中骨吸收细胞因子的来源。根尖周炎症可由促炎细胞因子如白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、IL-6和IL-8介导。减少这些细胞因子的产生可能对根尖周病变的治疗有益。富含ω-3脂肪酸（如二十二碳六烯酸，DHA）的油已被证明具有抗吸收和保护骨骼的作用。本研究的目的是研究DHA对正常和脂多糖（LPS）处理的MØ中这些细胞因子表达的影响。我们假设用DHA预处理MØ可降低LPS处理的MØ诱导的促炎细胞因子的表达。
培养THP-1单核细胞并将其分化为MØ。以剂量依赖的方式向MØ中添加DHA。将MØ样本分为以下几组：第1组，仅乙醇作为溶剂对照；第2组，10μg/ml DHA（D1）；第3组，20μg/ml DHA（D2）；第4组，10μg/ml DHA + LPS（DL1）；第5组，20μg/ml DHA + LPS（DL2）；第6组，仅LPS。采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）并结合ImageJ分析来测量细胞因子表达。
结果表明，DL组和DHA（基础）组的IL-1β和TNF-α水平显著低于仅LPS组。DL组中IL-6升高。IL-8无显著变化。
较高浓度的DHA可能选择性降低IL-1β和TNF-α的促炎细胞因子产生。需要更多研究来验证DHA等ω-3脂肪酸类药物的抗炎治疗作用。
