School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2013 Apr;133(4):2254-61. doi: 10.1121/1.4794384.
At a cocktail party, listeners are faced with multiple, spatially distributed interfering voices. The dominant interfering voice may change from moment to moment and, consequently, change in spatial location. The ability of the binaural system to deal with such a dynamic scene has not been systematically analyzed. Spatial release from masking (SRM) was measured in simple spatial scenes, simulated over headphones with a frontal speech source. For a single noise at 105°, SRM was reduced if that noise modulated (10 Hz square wave, 50% duty cycle, 20 dB modulation depth), but, for two noises in symmetrical locations, SRM increased if the noises were modulated in alternation, suggesting that the binaural system can "switch" between exploiting different spatial configurations. Experiment 2 assessed the contributions of interaural time and level differences as a function of modulation rate (1-20 Hz). Scenes were created using the original head-related impulse responses and ones that had been manipulated to isolate each cue. SRM decreased steeply with modulation rate. The combined effects of interaural time and level differences were consistent with additive contributions. The results indicate that binaural sluggishness limits the contribution of binaural switching to speech understanding at a cocktail party.
在鸡尾酒会上，听众会面临多个空间分布的干扰声音。主导的干扰声音可能会时刻变化，因此空间位置也会变化。但是，双耳系统处理这种动态场景的能力尚未得到系统分析。通过耳机模拟正面语音源，在简单的空间场景中测量了空间掩蔽释放（SRM）。对于 105°的单个噪声，如果该噪声调制（10 Hz 方波，50%占空比，20 dB 调制深度），则 SRM 会降低；但是，如果两个噪声位于对称位置，并且噪声交替调制，则 SRM 会增加，这表明双耳系统可以在不同的空间配置之间“切换”。实验 2 评估了作为调制率（1-20 Hz）函数的耳间时间和水平差异的贡献。使用原始的头部相关脉冲响应和已经被操纵以隔离每个线索的响应来创建场景。SRM 随调制率急剧下降。耳间时间和水平差异的综合影响与附加贡献一致。结果表明，双耳迟钝限制了在鸡尾酒会上双耳切换对语音理解的贡献。
