Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7295, USA.
J Clin Invest. 2013 May;123(5):2078-93. doi: 10.1172/JCI66715. Epub 2013 Apr 8.
Malignant melanoma is characterized by a propensity for early lymphatic and hematogenous spread. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family of transcription factors is upregulated in melanoma by key oncogenic drivers. HIFs promote the activation of genes involved in cancer initiation, progression, and metastases. Hypoxia has been shown to enhance the invasiveness and metastatic potential of tumor cells by regulating the genes involved in the breakdown of the ECM as well as genes that control motility and adhesion of tumor cells. Using a Pten-deficient, Braf-mutant genetically engineered mouse model of melanoma, we demonstrated that inactivation of HIF1α or HIF2α abrogates metastasis without affecting primary tumor formation. HIF1α and HIF2α drive melanoma invasion and invadopodia formation through PDGFRα and focal adhesion kinase-mediated (FAK-mediated) activation of SRC and by coordinating ECM degradation via MT1-MMP and MMP2 expression. These results establish the importance of HIFs in melanoma progression and demonstrate that HIF1α and HIF2α activate independent transcriptional programs that promote metastasis by coordinately regulating cell invasion and ECM remodeling.
恶性黑色素瘤的特征是早期淋巴和血行播散的倾向。缺氧诱导因子(HIF)家族转录因子在黑色素瘤中被关键致癌驱动因子上调。HIFs 促进参与癌症起始、进展和转移的基因的激活。缺氧通过调节细胞外基质(ECM)分解以及控制肿瘤细胞运动和黏附的基因,增强肿瘤细胞的侵袭性和转移潜能。我们使用 Pten 缺失、Braf 突变的基因工程小鼠黑色素瘤模型证明,HIF1α 或 HIF2α 的失活可消除转移而不影响原发性肿瘤的形成。HIF1α 和 HIF2α 通过 PDGFRα 和粘着斑激酶(FAK 介导)激活 SRC 以及通过协调 MT1-MMP 和 MMP2 表达来降解 ECM,从而驱动黑色素瘤的侵袭和侵袭小体的形成。这些结果确立了 HIFs 在黑色素瘤进展中的重要性,并证明 HIF1α 和 HIF2α 通过协调调节细胞侵袭和 ECM 重塑来激活独立的转录程序,从而促进转移。